关于诗人雪莱的故事

　　雪莱，英国浪漫主义民主诗人、第一位 社会主义 诗人、小说家、哲学家，散文 随笔 和政论作家，改革家，柏拉图主义者和理想主义者。其一生见识广泛，不仅是柏拉图主义者，更是个伟大的理想主义者，创作的诗歌节奏明快，积极向上。下面是我搜集整理的关于诗人雪莱的 故事 ，希望对你有帮助。

　　关于诗人雪莱的故事

　在雪莱的成长经历中，有很多有趣而怪异的癖好。雪莱虽然在文学上地位很高，是个了不起的文学家，但是在生活中，他一点也没有大作家的严肃拘束。据说他很喜欢在咖啡馆吃饭，因为在那里他经常会将自己的面包搓成小团，偷偷地射向别桌的客人。如果射中了对方的鼻子，那么他就会很开心。

　另一个雪莱故事是讲他安排自己时间的故事。随着雪莱作品的传播，雪莱本人也受到了很多人的崇拜。很多读者都会前去 拜访 他，由于拜访的人越来越多，这就导致他没有时间进行自己的创作。所以后来他想出了一个方法。在他想要写作的时候，他就独自一人去孤岛和深林中写诗。他认为这样既能摆脱拜访者，又能将环境溶于自己的诗作，激发自己的 灵感 ，一举两得。

　雪莱还有一个奇怪的癖好。他喜欢将自己觉得重要的信件或者是钞票折成小船放入河流中，看着在水上漂浮而走的这些纸船，他的心情就变得很好。

关于诗人雪莱的生平

　雪莱出生在英国的一个贵族家庭，从小就被家人送到了教士处学习拉丁文。后来更是在英国的贵族学校学习。在他十八岁的时候考入牛津大学，但是因为无神论的宣传而被开除。证明雪莱是男是女的最好证据就是他的婚姻。

　雪莱一生共有两次婚姻，两任妻子，一个是哈丽特·成斯布鲁克，还有一个是玛丽·伍尔斯东克拉夫特·葛德文。他与第一任妻子成婚是在他被牛津大学开除的那一年。两人成婚后，他就在妻子的陪伴下到处宣扬无神论的思想。

　但是这两人的感情很快就破灭了，在1814年，也就是他们结婚还不到三年的时间，他们就离婚了。离婚不 成功 的的雪莱和玛丽同居，并且带着玛丽到处去 旅游 。在1816年12月，雪莱的前妻投河自尽。雪莱是在前妻死后才与玛丽成婚的。

　通过这两段婚姻，就可以证明雪莱是一个彻彻底底的男子。人们为什么会产生雪莱是男是女的疑问呢就是因为雪莱是英国人，大家对于外国的 历史 不是很了解。很多知道雪莱的人都是通过雪莱的诗作来了解他的。雪莱的诗词中充满了浪漫气息，用词唯美。

关于诗人雪莱的浪漫主义

　雪莱是浪漫主义的代表性人物，在他的众多作品中充满了浪漫气息，在18世纪末19世纪初的欧洲，因为当时战争与革命运动不断发生，动荡不安，再加上当时 政治 上的腐败黑暗，社会的不公平等现象，让当时的许多艺术家们纷纷对欧洲社会失望，并且将自己的失望和对理想世界的追求融入自己的作品之中，这就是浪漫主义的来源。

　雪莱在1813年发表了自己的第一篇长诗《麦布女王》。这篇作品猛烈地抨击当时的资产阶级制度和封建制度的统治。因为这篇作品是站在无产阶级的立场上所写出来的诗歌，所以导致了雪莱被英国统治者仇视，后来被被迫 出国 。

　在雪莱1818年的《伊斯兰的起义》中，雪莱借助东方世界的 典故 来歌颂革命，并且再一次攻击封建势力。而第二年的《解放了的普罗米修斯》则是运用了古罗马的历史神话，表达了他对专制统治的反抗和对理想社会的追求。《钦契一家》则是取材自意大利的 历史典故 ，同样表达了雪莱对暴君的反抗。

　以上这些作品全部都是雪莱用浪漫主义手法撰写出来的神话 历史故事 。这就是雪莱浪漫主义之间的联系。而雪莱之所以会成为浪漫主义作家，也是因为他对欧洲社会的失望，而被迫将自己的理想寄托在文学作品中。

｜浪漫主义时期｜• 简介

英国浪漫主义时期一般被认为始于1798年，标志为华兹华斯与柯勒律治的《抒情歌谣集》的出版，终于1832年，标志为沃尔特•司各特的去世及议会的第一个改革提案的通过。

Gothic novel ,a type of romantic fiction that predominanted in the late eighteenth century, was one phase of the Romantic movementIts principal elements are violence, horror,and the supernatural,which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion 

哥特式小说是浪漫主义运动的一种形式 盛于浪漫主义前期18世纪末。

小说主要元素：暴力，恐怖，超自然力量的描写。

VIP :

1William Blake

2William Wordsworth

3Percy Bysshe Shelley

4Jane Austen

How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best

1: Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expression should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace

2: Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings ”, and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were, the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes

3: In a word, Neoclassicism emphasizes rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind

威廉•布莱克 生于伦敦一个爱尔兰裔小商人家庭，一生中，他都身兼诗人与雕刻家两重角色，他的天才在他的有生之年是默默无闻的，只是在他去世后才被人挖掘出来并一举成名。

在文学上，布莱克是第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人，表现出对理性至上的轻视，对18世纪古典主义的叛逆以及对个人幻想的重视。

布莱克的代表作《天真之歌》表述了一个愉快而纯洁的世界，尽管这个世界也偶有苦难与罪恶。《经验之歌》则描绘了一个截然不同的世界，一个充满苦难、贫穷、疾病与战争的世界，笔调极为忧伤压抑。

《天真之歌》中不少诗篇都在《经验之歌》中有着姊妹篇。比如“孩童之欣喜”与“孩童之忧愁”对应，纯洁的羔羊与燃烧的猛虎对应。两部诗集主题相似，笔调不同。

1| Songs of Innocence & Songs of Experience |

Brief introduce

A The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings

B His Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone

C Childhood is the central to Blake's concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience

2 | Tyger |

What does "symmetry" mean

The well-proportioned body of the tiger

What does "tyger" refer to

There are different opinions about the tiger Some say the tiger is made by God Others say it is made by men One more idea thinks that The Tyger is a poem about work, about artistic creation

  Please make a comment on William Blake's poetry

A His first collection of poems Poetical Sketches is one of youthful verse with joy, laughter, love and harmony as its prevailing notes

B The second volume of his Songs of Innocence presents a happy and innocent world

C The third --- Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone

The last two hold the similar subject-matter, but their tone, emphasis and conclusion differ Childhood remains central to the poet's concern in the two, with a number of poems from them can be pairs

For example, the two poems both entitled "Chimney Sweeper" are such pairs, for the one in the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions of the exploitation of child labor, which make religion a consolation, but the one in the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children

D The maturity of Blake's poetry is shown in his poem Marriage of Heaven and Hell in which the relationship of the contraries is explored, for in the poet's eyes, "without contraries, there is no progression"

  What does the poem "The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Experience)" reveal

The two “Chimney Sweeper”poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic circumstance, iethe exploitation of child labor, and ideological circumstance iethe role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitationIn the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children

威廉•华兹华斯

• 1797年，结识了科勒律治，两人成为知心密友，合作完成了《抒情歌谣集》。

• 诗人骚塞、科勒律治、和华兹华斯三人一并成为“湖畔诗人”。

• 1842年，华兹华斯荣获政府津贴，次年他压倒骚塞成为“桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）

• 华兹华斯被称为“大自然的膜拜者”。

• 华兹华斯是一个怀旧的诗人，对他来说，生命犹如轮回的旅程，生命之始也是生命之终。他的这种人生哲学体现在他的代表作《序曲》中。

• 华兹华斯追求简洁朴素的风格，厌恶粉饰真实。他强调诗歌创作最要紧的是把握素材的真实来源，即“在静谧中找回情感”。他的创作理论核心是普通人的生活经历。

• 华兹华斯是英国诗歌史上的巨星，是浪漫主义时期的杰出代表，他号召人们用清新、自然、关心的目光去看待周围的事物，开创了运用百姓生活语言写诗的新道路，并号召人们回归自然。

作家作品：

The Prelude

Composed upon Westminster Brige

Lyrical Ballads

I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud

The Solitary Reaper

1 | I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud |

This poem typically depicts the author's respect for nature / His love for the daffodils

2 | Composed upon Westminster Brige |

3 | She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways |

《独自幽居》By comparing a country girl (Lucy) to a violet, the poet intends to show her quality of beauty and her virtue which are often neglected by the common people just like a wild flower blooming by an untrodden road

4 | The Solitary Reaper |

《孤独的收割者》It tells us, to Romanticists, poetry is an expression of an individual's feelings and experience no matter how fragmentary and momentary these feelings and experiences are (无论他们的情感是微不足道的还是伟大的)

| Questions |

Please discuss the significance of William Wordsworth's poetry in the history of English literature

A First of all, Wordsworth's theory, as stated in his "preface" to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads, serves as a manifesto of Romanticism The poet takes the direct experience of the senses as the source of poetic truth as poetry comes from the "emotion recollected in tranquillity" The significance of the "Preface" also presents itself in the poet's advocation of the writing of the common people in ordinary language

B Secondly, his practice is what his theory implies, for the joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes, in many of his poems such as the "Lucy poems"

C Thirdly, natural scenery with its beauty and mystery acts also as one of his favorite themes and the sympathy out of the poet's nature towards the poor in rural places becomes part of his concern

D Finally, the seemingly simplicity of the poet both in diction and description is immersed in a profound and sympathetic longing for a better world So the most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of his growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature

雪莱 出生于一个富有家庭，父亲是个保守的乡绅，母亲貌美。

• 雪莱对自由的渴望及对暴政的憎恶都体现在诗作中，如《自由颂》《那不勒斯颂》等。

• 雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗是《致英格兰人民》，诗中号召工人，农民起来斗争，在宪章运动时期成为英国***的战歌。

• 雪莱最著名的抒情诗当属《西风颂》。瑟瑟寒风熄灭了一年的生机，却孕育着新春的希望，诗人希望自己也化作这西风，把他对未来的预言传遍人间。

• 雪莱最有造诣的作品是他的四幕诗剧《被解放的普罗米修斯》。

• 雪莱的诗歌语言清新别致，文化底蕴深厚，含有丰富的典故，并多用拟人和隐喻，将我们看到的事物完全生动地描绘出来。

作家作品：

To a Skylark

Men of England

Ode to the West Wind

| Men of England | 

《致英格兰人民》It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation

"drones" refers to the parasitic class in human society

"bees of England" refers to the laboring people in England

| Ode to the West Wind | (theme)

The poem expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality

奥斯汀一生完成六部作品，她的处女作《理智与情感》讲述了一对姐妹的恋爱经历》；《傲慢与偏见》是她最著名的作品。在写作风格上，她倡导新古典主义，坚持理性、秩序、典雅的原则。奥斯汀的创作主题总与个人的生活及人际关系有关，正因如此，她的作品具有普遍的意义。

| Pride and Prejudice | (Theme)

A It was oringinally drafted as "First Impressions" in 1796, is the most delightful of Jane Austen's works The title tells of a major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice

| Questions |

What are Austen's writing features

Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists Austen's work has a very narrow literary field Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire

Based on her writings discuss Jane Austen's greatest contribution to English literature

A Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in English literature She creates six influential novels

B Her main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns about human belief, career and salient social event This is what makes her important in English literature

C Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and her accurate portrayal of human individuals

D She describe the world from a woman's point of view, and depicts a group of authentic and common women

Make comments on Austen's attitude towards the three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle class people had in the second of the 18th century (with specific examples from Pride and Prejudice )

A Motivation one: to pursue material interest through marriage;

B Motivation two: to seek sensual pleasure and beauty; Lydia and Mr,Bennet are examples of this kind

C Motivation three: to search for true love and also take personal merits and financial position into consideration; Elizabeth Bennet is a typical example of this kind

Austen celebrated the third kind of motivation of marriage while criticizing the first two wrong motivations

……

带思维导图版笔记在这里:  英美文学笔记

雪莱生于英格兰霍舍姆市，一生信仰柏拉图主义，是公认的历史上最优秀的英语诗人之一雪莱简介，英国诗人、作家、学者、哲学家，他创作大量浪漫主义诗歌，代表作有《解放了的普罗米修斯》《倩契》《致云雀》等。

雪莱

英国诗人雪莱简介

珀西·比希·雪莱，英国著名作家、浪漫主义诗人，被认为是历史上最出色的英语诗人之一。英国浪漫主义民主诗人、第一位社会主义诗人、小说家、哲学家、散文随笔和政论作家、改革家、柏拉图主义者和理想主义者，受空想社会主义思想影响颇深。

雪莱生于英格兰萨塞克斯郡霍舍姆附近的沃恩汉雪莱简介，12岁进入伊顿公学，1810年进入牛津大学，1811年3月25日由于散发《无神论的必然》，入学不足一年就被牛津大学开除。1813年11月完成叙事长诗《麦布女王》，1818年至1819年完成了两部重要的长诗《解放了的普罗米修斯》和《倩契》，以及其不朽的名作《西风颂》。1822年7月8日逝世。恩格斯称他是“天才预言家”。

雪莱的诗

雪莱的诗歌作品有：《解放了的普罗米修斯》《西风颂》《致云雀》《云》《玛丽安妮的梦》《含羞草》《阿波罗之歌》《久远的往昔》《倩契》《暴虐的俄狄浦斯》等。

雪莱写了很多优秀的抒情诗，体现了作者的民主思想和战斗精神。雪莱崇尚大自然，歌颂自然美，善于描写自然现象来抒发自己的感情，在描写大自然的力量和变化的同时 ,寄托自己对光明、自由的追求。

他的诗是典型的心灵化了的社会生活，他的作品的幻想性、描写大自然的自由手法、奇妙无穷的比喻与语言的音乐性，构成了雪莱抒情诗复杂多变 的艺术风格。