无论口语还是书面,先说地点还是先说时间并没有太大的区别。
1、比如说:Yestaday 2:00pm in the street of 9 someone had been killed。这一句意思是:昨天下午两点,9号大街有人被杀了。这样就是先时间的说法。
2、又比如说:In LA 2000 my father mariied with my mother。这一句意思是:2000年的时候,我爸爸和妈妈在洛杉矶结婚了,这句就是先地点的说法。
一般在英文中,无论先时间,先地点,都需要看谓语和时间联系的紧密,还是和地点联系的紧密,和哪一个紧密或者哪一个离谓语近,就优先考虑近的那个;如果谓语和这两个状语都没有关系的话,就看个人的习惯了,谁先谁后都可以的。
扩展资料:
英语句子中的倒装结构:
英语句子的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。但在实际应用中,因语法结构的需要,或是为了强调,常把谓语移到主语之前,称为倒装。
英语的倒装结构有两种,其中较为常见的是部分倒装,即谓语的一部分移到主语之前。
如:Only when the war was over could he begin to work again
只有在战争结束后他才能够重新开始工作。
另一种倒装是完全倒装结构,即把谓语的全部都移到主语之前。
如:Here comes the bus
公共汽车来了。
英语各种时态用法好多时态和词不知道什么情况下用
英语时态的用法:
一、一般现在时的用法
1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用
He plays football twice a week他每周踢两次足球
I sometimes go to work on foot我有时步行去上班
2.表示现在的事实或状态
It’s cold today今天很冷
You look tired now你现在看起来很疲乏
3.表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力等
She is a famous singer她是个著名的歌唱家
Tom likes swimming汤姆喜欢游泳
4.表示客观事实或普遍其理
It’s far from the earth to the sun地球与太阳间的距离很远
Five and three makes eight五加三得八
5.表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作
但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词
The train from London arrives at 7:00从伦敦来的火车7:00到站
He leaves on business the day after tomorrow他后天出差
6.在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作
I’ll call you as soon as I get there我一到那里就打电话给你
I’ll come if he invites me他如果邀请我我就来
7.在以here, there开头的句子里,表示正在发生的动作
Her comes the bus!汽车来了!
There goes the bell!铃响了!
当主语是代词时,代词必须放在动词之前如:
There he comes!他来了!
8.某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词,如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体行为
I feel pain in my head我头疼
I don’t understand what you mean我不理解你的意思
此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时
二、一般过去时的用法
1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用
My family moved here five years ago我家五年前搬到了这里
I was born in 1973我生于1973年
2.表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作这时可与频度副词如:often, usually, always等连用
He always worked into night those days那些日子他总是工作到深夜
I often left on business in 19871987年我经常出差
表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用used to如:
I used to read newspaper after breakfast
我过去经常早饭后看报纸(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳
3.表示过去发生的一连串动作
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door
他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门
过去发生的一连串动作,若用and, or, but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper
他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭
4.在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information
他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里
三、 一般将来时的用法
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用
I will go to the zoo next Sunday下周日我将去动物园
She’ll go to the cinema tonight今晚她将去看**
(2)表示将来经常发生的动作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes
冬季来临时,一些鸟儿将飞往南方
(3)“be going to+动词原形”可以表示:
I)根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain看那些云,快下雨了
II)打算、计划、决定要做某事
We’re going to meet outside the school gate我们打算在校门口见面
will与be going to都可表示将来,通常可互换,但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to
(1)表示“带有意愿色彩的将来”时
I’ll help you if you need如果需要,我帮你
(2)问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时
Will you go shopping with me 你和我一起去购物吗
Will you please open the door请把门打开好吗
(3)表示临时决定要做某事
It begins to rain/Will have to stay at home
天开始下雨了,我只好呆在家里了(本来打算外出)
(4)表示客观必然会发生的事情
It will be Monday tomorrow明天是周一
(5)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,主句如果是将来时,则多用will
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out你出门时我会照看你的小宝宝
I’ll open the window if you smoke here你如果在这儿抽烟我就把窗户打开
四、过去将来时的用法
过去将来时的用法与一般将来时的用法相同(参见一般将来时)
过去将来时表示过去习惯性的动作时,只能用would,而不用should如:
I would swim in this pool when I was a child我孩童时期经常在这个池塘游泳
This window wouldn’t close这个窗户老是关不上
五、 现在进行时的用法
(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用
It is snowing now现在正在下雪
He is watching TV at present他正在看电视
(2)与these days, this week/month等连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作
He is studying hard these days这些天他学习很努力
He is writing a book他在写一本书
在“Look!, Listen!”等感叹句后,通常用现在进行时如:
Look! The bus is coming看,公共汽车来了
比较:Look! There comes the bus
(以Here, There为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作)
(3)与表示将来的时间状语连用,表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,主要用于go, come, arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词即用现在进行时表示将来
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight他今晚去南京
The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon会议在下午3:00开始
(4)与always, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情如赞扬、不满、讨厌等如:
He is always asking such silly questions他老是提这类愚蠢的问题
He is continually making mistakes他不断地犯错误
没有进行时的动词
1. 表示“存在、位置”的动词如:be(是),lie(位于),stand(位于)
She is a doctor她是名医生
The mountain lies in the middle of the country这座山位于该国的中部
The tower stands beside the river这座塔位于河边
lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时,可用于现在进行时如:
The cat is lying under the table猫躺在桌子下面
He is standing against the door他正靠门站着
2. 表示“所有”的动词如:have(有),own(拥有)
I have a new car我有一辆新车
He owns a lot of houses他拥有许多房子
当have作“吃、举行”讲时,可用于现在进行时如:
She is having lunch now她现在正在吃午饭
They are having a sports meeting 他们正在举行运动会
3. 表示感觉的动词如:see(看到),hear(听到),smell(闻到),feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),find(发现)等
I see a snake lying in the grass我看到一条蛇躺在草丛里
4. 表示心理活动和情感的动词,如:know(知道),understand(理解),think(作为),like(喜欢),love(爱),hate(恨),hope(希望),want(想要)等
I think they are right我认为他们是正确的
I like music我喜欢音乐
think作“想,考虑”解时,可用于进行时态如:
I’m thinking about it now我现在正在考虑这事
Do you know what he is thinking about 你知道他在想什么吗
六、 过去进行时的用法
过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同,只不过参照的时间基准点不同
(1)过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用如:then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday上周日的这个时候我正在打排球
Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back李芳的爸爸回来时她正在看电视
(2)过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作
They were making ships last month他们上个月正在造船
(3)go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时点安排或计划好的即将发生的动作
The plane was arriving at eight飞机八点到达
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行,强调“动作的连续性”,而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作,强调“有过这件事”
I was playing chess last night昨晚我在下棋
I played chess last night昨晚我下棋了
My father worked last Sunday 我爸爸上周日工作了
My father was working last Sunday 我爸爸上周日在工作着
七、 现在完成时的用法
(1)表示动作已经完成,但后果或影响仍在常与already, just, yet等副词连用
I have just read your letter我刚刚读完你的信
He has already come back他已经回来了
(2)表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用
He has lived here for three years他在此住了两年了
I have been here since 1976自从1976年我就一直在这里
①.for后通常跟一个时间段,而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点
如:for two weeks持续两周时间;since Monday自从周一
②.现在完成时的肯定句,其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,如come, go, begin, join等,则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用
如:他到此两周了:He has arrived here for two weeks(×)
此时需转换表达方式:
①用ago代替for,并改为一般过去时
②用延续性动词代替瞬间动词
③用It is/It has been…since…句型,如:
He arrived here two weeks ago
He has been here for two weeks
It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here
当瞬间动词用于否定句时,则可以与时间段连用如:
I haven’t gone there for six years我六年没去那儿
(3)表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作已成为某种经验
I have been to Paris twice我去过巴黎两次
It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen它是我看过的最有趣的**之一
比较have been to与have gone to
have been to表示“去过某地”,现在已回来了,可以与ever twice等词连用如:
I have ever been to London我曾去过伦敦
have gone to表示“去某地了”现在尚未回来,不能与ever, twice等词连用
He has gone to London他去伦敦了
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
二者都表示“动作已经发生”,区别在于:
(1)现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系
He has learned French for three years他学法语已三年了
He learned French for three years他曾学过三年法语
Who has taken my bag I couldn't find it 谁拿走了我的包我找不着了!
He cleaned the house yesterday 他昨天打扫过房间
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already 房间很干净,因为他已经打扫过了
(2)现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用,而一般过去时则可以
He has done some washing yesterday (F)
He did some washing yesterday (T)
他昨天洗衣服了
八、 过去完成时的用法
与现在完成的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by, before引导的时间状语连用如:
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself
到爱迪生10岁时,他已给自己建了一个实验室
He had measured me before I could get in a word我还没说话,他已把衣服量完了
We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain
我们刚到学校天就下雨了
(2)表示由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years她说她已在那所医院工作20年了
He said he had taught in the university since 1957他说自从1957年他就在这所大学任教(3)叙述过去发生的事情后,反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时,常用过去完成时
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month
对于此事我一无所知,因为我已离开6个月了
Some people ran into the street They had heard a loud noise
有些人跑上了街,他们听到很响的嘈杂声
九、时态的一致
在一些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致
时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑:
1.当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时态如:
I know that Mr Brown is a good teacher 我知道布朗先生是一名好老师
She believes that he was once a solider 她相信他以前曾是一名士兵
He will tell us what he is going to do 他将告诉我们他要干吗
2.当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况:
(1)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句则需要用一般过去时或过去进行时如:
He was wondering where he could put the box
他不知道该把这个盒子放在哪里
The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard
老师在黑板上板书时,学生们在说话
(2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前,从句则要用过去完成时如:
The train had left when they got to the station 当他们到达车站时,火车已经开走了
He said his father had been dead for twenty years 他说他父亲已经去世二十年了
(3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后,从句则要用过去将来时如:
She said she would finish the work tonight 她说过她将于今晚完成这项工作
We knew that it was going to snow 我们知道将要下雪了
3.当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时,无论主句为何时态,从句不受影响,仍用现在时态
英语各种时态用法好多时态和词不知道什么情况下用
谓语是表示是什么或干什么的
表语是系动词后面的系表结构
定语是修饰名词的
副词是修饰名词以外词语和整个句子的词
八大时态
一、 一般现在时:
1概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6例句: It seldom snows here
He is always ready to help others
Action speaks louder than words
二、 一般过去时:
1概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc
3基本结构:be动词;行为动词
4否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6例句:She often came to help us in those days
I didn't know you were so busy
三、 现在进行时:
1概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc
3基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing
5一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6例句: How are you feeling today
He is doing well in his lessons
四、 过去进行时:
1概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3基本结构:was/were+doing
4否定形式:was/were + not + doing
5一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper
五、 现在完成时:
1概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc
3基本结构:have/has + done
4否定形式:have/has + not +d one
5一般疑问句:have或has。
6例句:I've written an article
It has been raining these days
六、 过去完成时:
1概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc
3基本结构:had + done
4否定形式:had + not + done
5一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left
By the end of last month We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc
3基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do
4否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies
It is going to rain
八、 过去将来时:
1概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc
3基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do
4否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do
5一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day
一)一般现在时。(do/does, am/is/are, 情态动词)
一般现在时表示的是客观事实或平时反复做的事情通常有频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,once a week,every day等。
如:The earth goes around the sun
Japan lies east of China
He is never late for school
He often gets up at six every day
Cats can climb trees
I hear they have moved into a new house
He writes to his father once a year
一般现在时还可以表示、安排好的,或即将发生的事,通常使用瞬间动词come,start,begin,return,leave等。
如:My plane leaves at 6:00 am
Is there any meeting today
The game starts at 8:00
(二)现在进行时。(am/is/are doing)
现在进行时表示现在或最近正在做的事情,后面一般接延续性的动词,都表示动作没有进行完。
如:Look! The boy is dancing
He is watching a football game
What are you doing now
They are preparing for the exam recently
还常与always,usually,constantly,forever,continually等词连用表示一种语气,“总是,老是…”,
如:He is always working late
Why are you always making this kind of mistake
He is continually getting into trouble with the police
后面接暂转动词时表示正在反复的动作,或表示将来时(一般只有go, come, leave和have)
如:The monkeys are jumping
They are hitting the tree
表将来:We are going swimming this afternoon
They are leaving here
They are having an English class tomorrow
试比较:
He is doing his homework until his parents come to take him home
He will do his homework until his parents come to take him home
注:表示知觉、感觉、看法、认识、情感或愿望的动词和大部分暂转动词不能用现在进行时,如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, like, hate, dislike, want, love, hate, want, know, forget, remember, understand, believe, suppose, mean, wish, hope, need, believe, refuse, suppose, have, fit, seem, fear, own等
(三)现在完成时
现在完成时中用瞬间动词表示说话时已经完成的动作,而且这个动作对现在还有影响,句中的时间副词主要有already, yet, now, by this time, by now等;用延续动词表示过去已经开始持续到现在而且还有可能继续持续下去的动作,句中的时间副词主要有this week, in the past/last/recent few years, since…, for…。
如:He has already finished his homework
He hasn’t arrived here yet
They have been here for ten years
He has waited here since he came
与一般过去时比较,看下面一段对话:
A: Have you seen my book I think I have lost it
B: Yes, I ______ (see) it on your table just now But it ______(not be) there any longer Where and when ______ you ______(lose) it
A: I think I ______ (lose) it yesterday
B: ______ you ______ (find) it
A: ______(Yes/No)
现在完成时中的瞬间动词与延续动词的相互转化:
have finished/stopped/ended → have been over
have started/begun → have been on
have joined → have been in/a member of
have turned/become/got → have been
have left → have been away from
have arrived/reached/got to → have been
have died → have been dead
have married/got married to sb → have been married to sb
(四)一般将来时。(will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are doing, am/is/are about to do)
一般将来时表示将要发生或打算做的事情,
如:He will come back in two days
When will he give the book back to me
It’s going to rain
We are going to hold a sports meeting next week
They are leaving for New York
He is about to leave
(五)一般过去时。(did, was/were, 情态动词过去式)
一般过去时表示在过去的某个时间发生的具体事情,一般都要有表示过去的时间状语,
如:He went to school by bike yesterday
We had a good time last night
He could count to 1000 when he was three
He was a teacher before
注意:在直接引语转换成间接引语时时间状语的变化:
如:He said, “I did it yesterday”
→ He said he did it the day before
today → that day
yesterday → the/a/one day before
the day before yesterday → 2 days before
last week → the week before
2 weeks ago → 2 week before
tomorrow → the next day/the day after或one/a day later
the day after tomorrow → 2 days after/later
in a week/next week → the next week
in 2 weeks → 2 weeks after/later
(六)过去进行时。(was/were doing)
过去进行时表示在过去的某个具体时间里正在发生的事情,
如:He was reading newspaper at seven yesterday evening
The Smiths are watching TV at nine last night
When he got home, his mother was cooking
或过去的某段时间里持续发生的事情,
如:I was studying English in London from 1990 to 1992
He was washing the dishes from seven o’clock to seven thirty
(七)过去完成时
表示在过去的一个动作之前就已经完成的动作,即过去之过去。注意与现在完成时不同的是过去完成时必须要有具体的时间状语。
如:The train had left before she got to the station
They had learnt 2000 words by the end of last month
He had been a doctor for 3 years before he came here
He got back the book that he had left in the classroom
No sooner had he got to the cinema than the film began
Hardly had he got to the cinema when the film began
注意:如果两个或几个动作连续发生且衔接紧密时用一连串的一般过去式即可。
如:He locked the door and went away
MrSmith went to the market, bought some flowers and went to see his friends
He sent a telegraph home before he left Paris
(八)过去将来时。(would/should, was/were going to do, was/were doing)
过去将来时表示在过去某时就打算做的事情,或相对于过去将要发生的事情。
如:They were going swimming when I met them
He said he would go to New York
Yesterday he said it was going to rain, but it didn’t
(九)复合时态。高中阶段所学到的复合时态主要有:
完成进行时,将来完成时和将来进行时。
完成进行时表示到目前为止一直在做某事。过去完成进行时还可以表示刚刚结束的进行动作。
如:He has been painting the house the whole morning
They have been promising us to rise our salary these years
They had been doing their homework for 3 hours before I came
I asked him what he had just been doing
He had just been sleeping before I got there
将来完成时表示,到将来某时即将结束的动作。
如:We will have learnt 3000 English words by the end of next term
They will have finished it by 12:00 tomorrow
将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作。
如:We will be sleeping at this time tomorrow
She will be waiting there at 8 am if you ask her to
介词的用法
一表示时间日期的介词
1. at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点
at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us
固定搭配: at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport, at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time, at present,at any time,表示原因,表示“见/闻……而”。 at the news at 主要表示时间点
表示特定的时间 at night am 在九点钟 表示不确定的时间 at night, at that time, at Christmas在圣诞期间 当天 on
表示年龄段 at the age of eight 在8岁
2. in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配
in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in time in 主要表示时间段
一般指相对较长的时间段里 in the morning, in spring, in the past ten years 在…时间之后,用于将来时 He will be back in a month 介词in在短语或句型中的省略:
1) 某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。 be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing (忙于……)
2) 某些动词如busy等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。 busy oneself (in) doing
3) 某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。 spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing 4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth、have no trouble in doing sth、have no business in doing sth等句型中介词也可以省略。
5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth中,介词也可省略。 固定搭配:in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink,in short,in public, in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air
3. on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。
固定搭配:on doing sth,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb on the head,on the right/ left,on fire,on duty,on sale,on the radio, on show,on earth,on one’s own 注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。 一般的节日名词前用on。 on 主要指具体某一天
表示是具体的日期和星期 on Monday, on October 1st,1949 on my birthday 某一天特定的上午下午或半夜 on the night of December 31,1999 on a fine day 在第几天 on her first day to school, on the tenth day I was in Beijing 4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。
固定搭配:by the village, by oneself,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart, 二表示地点,方位的介词
5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。
固定搭配:make sth for sb, thank sb for sth, for example, for sale,for free, for 表示一段时间
表示一件事延续的长短,一般接具体的时间 I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years 6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。 of所有格表示的多种关系:
1) 从属关系:the wheel of the car
2) 局部----整体关系:some of the water 3) 量化关系:a cup of tea
4) 描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授) 5) 同位关系: the city of Beijing
6) 动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图)
7) 主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)
固定搭配: be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,instead of, 7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。 固定搭配to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment,to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,be open to the public, thanks to, stick to,refer to 8during 表示一段时间
在…期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事y
I studied in this university for 4 years, during that time most of my time was spent in learning English 可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词 during my visit to China, during my holiday 9from 与to, till连用
Most people work from nine to five 多数人过着朝九晚五的生活 10since,since+时间点 从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用 He has been here since last Sunday 自从上星期天起,她就在这里 四、 容易错、常考的介词及搭配
1. be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in 2. call on = visit,call for = go and pick up
3. on business (出差)/ strike()罢工 / duty(值日) / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒) / sale(出售) / leave(请假) / guard(警戒)
4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth,have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth 5. A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对……感到满意) 7. with the help of,under the leadership of 8. by means of(使用),by way of(经由),by heart(记住),by the way 9. out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(毫不可能) 10. prevent / stop / keep sb from doing sth 11. be thankful to sb for sth
12. steal sth from sb,rob sb of sth
13. insist on doing sth,persist in doing sth,stick to,go on doing sth 14. set about doing sth,set out to do sth
15. look sb in the face,hit sb on the face,lead the cow by the nose 16. do a favour for sb = do sb a favour 五、 介词的惯用型 1. above all(首先),after all,at all(全然),in all
2. day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another 3. at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(时常),at dinner 4. by oneself,by all means(尽一切办法、务必),by chance,by accident, by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠) ,by the way 5. in her teens(十几岁),in pain,in danger,in need 6. to one’s joy / sorrow / surprise 7. with care(仔细地),with joy / pleasure(高兴地),with one’s help, with the best wishes(致以我们良好的祝愿),without difficulty(毫不困难地),without exception(毫不例外),without delay(立即、马上) 8. according to(依据),along with(和……一起),as to(至于……),because of,except for(除……之外),instead of(代替) 9. out of order(不正常),out of date,out of trouble(脱离困境),out of sight, out of debt(还清了债务),out of touch(没有联系)
10. at the bottom of,at the centre of,at the end of,at the top of,
at the cost of(以……为代价)at the sight of,at the thought of,at a speed of
11. in memory of(纪念),in favour of(同意),in the habit of(有……习惯),in touch with(与……保持联系),on the left of,on the eve of(在……前夕) 12. from time to time(不时地), from day to day(天天), from hand to hand(一个传一个),from side to side(左右地),from car to car(一个车厢一个车厢地),from bad to worse(越来越差),from beginning to end(从头到尾),from hand to mouth(仅能糊口),from head to foot,from start to finish,from one to another 六掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法 1)in +文字、语言、材料名词
in English (ink, pencil, capital letters) write in pen, 用钢笔写 speak in a low voice 小声说话 2) with +工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名词 with a branch, with one’s nose, with pride, with satisfaction, with the help of, with one’s permission
We can see with our eyes and write with our hands
I killed a fly with a fly flap 我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇 3) by 表示泛指的方式、手段
by bus, by land, by means of(用……方法), by way of(经由) , by doing sth, by hand(手工), by post(由邮局传递), by letter(用写信的方式), by electricity, by hard work, by the year, by the hour(by + the + 单位名词) 按……
4) 其它表示方式(情况、状况、手段)的表示法
through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice,
by telephone (on the telephone), on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,
in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good / poor health, in tears, in use, in pain,
七、 注意:某些名词和介词的固定搭配
1) 要求to:key, answer, visit, apology, introduction 以to为中心构成短语的归纳
belong to, come to(苏醒), look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to(为……干杯), object to(反对), reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the music(和着……在……声中唱/跳), devote oneself to
2) 要求in:interest, satisfaction 3)以for为中心构成短语的归纳
ask for, call for(去接某人), care for(关心), go in for(从事), answer for(对……负责), send for, pay for, praise sb for(赞扬某人某事), head for(向……方向移动), search for, take … for …(误以为), leave for, prepare for(为……准备), thank sb for, make a dive for(向……猛冲), make up for(弥补……损失) 4)以on为中心构成短语的归纳
come on来吧, call on拜访, pass on传递, carry on进行下去, live on sth靠……生活, depend on依靠, have on穿着, have pity on同情, look on … as …把……看作, push on推动, spy on窥探, switch / turn on旋开, wait on服侍, walk on继续走, spend…on …在……上花费时间、金钱, operate on给……动手术, take on a new look呈现新面貌
八、 某些形容词和介词的固定搭配
1) be afraid of 担心 be afraid for替……而担心
2) be angry about / at sth因……而生气 be angry with sb对……某人发怒 3) be anxious for sth渴望 be anxious about sth / sb担心
4) be different from 与……不同 be indifferent to … ……不关心
5) be good at …擅长 be good for …对……有益 be good of sb to do sth友好 6) be strict with sb对……严格 be strict in sth
7) be popular with sb受到……欢迎 be popular in some place流行在 ……be popular for因……而流行 8) be pleased with + n或what从句;be pleased at +抽象名词 听、看到而高兴 9) be disappointed at sth ;be disappointed with sb对……失望
10) be known to sb ;be known with + n或从句 ;be known for因……而著名
在平日的学习中,是不是经常追着老师要知识点?知识点就是一些常考的内容,或者考试经常出题的地方。还在苦恼没有知识点总结吗?以下是我整理的初中英语介词用法知识点总结,欢迎阅读与收藏。
初中英语介词用法知识点总结11、表示标准或单位的介词:at, for, by
(1)at表示以速度以价格
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour。他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。
I sold my car at a high price。我以高价出售了我的汽车。
(2)for用交换
I bought it for 20 dollars。买它花了我20美元。
How much for these apples?这些苹果多少钱?
at与for都表示价格,但at表示单价,for表示总价,at后一般跟price这个词,而for后只能跟总钱数。
如:I bought it at a low price。我买它的价格很低。
I bought it at the price of $80 a pound。我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。
I sold it for $10我10美元把它卖掉了。
(3)by以计,后跟度量单位
Gold is sold by the gram。金以克出售。
They paid him by the month。他们按月给他计酬。
2、表示材料的介词:of, from, in
(1)of表示从成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper。这个盒子是纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries。这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
(2)from表示从成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat。面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material。这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
(3)in用材料。 常用write, speak, talk, answer等连用。
Please fill in the form in pencil first。请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English。他们用英语交谈。
in指材料时,材料前不用冠词。 比较:用铅笔画
3、表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on
(1)by凭借工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如: by bus乘公共汽车,by plane乘飞机
He usually goes to work by bike。他通常骑车去上班。
He sent the news to me bye—mail。他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。
表示搭乘交通工具时,既可用by,又可用in,区别在于用by时,表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词,而用in时名词前必须加冠词。
(2)with用工具
He broke the window with a stone。他用石头把玻
He stopped the ball with his right foot。他用脚把球停住。
with表示用工具时,工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。
(3)on以方式。多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone。他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio /on TV。她通过收音机/电视学英语。
4、表示关于的介词:of, about, on
(1)of仅指关于人或事物的存在,如:
He spoke of the film the other day。他前几天提到了这部影片。
He thought of this matter yesterday。他昨天想到了这件事。
He thought about this matter yesterday。他昨天考虑了这件事。
(2)about指关于某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
Its a book for children about Africa and its people。
它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。
Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
(3)on是指关于学术性的或严肃的,供专门研究用的。
Its a textbook on the history of China。它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
5、表示原因、理由的介词:for, at, from, of, with
(1)for表示一般的理由常与famous, punish等词连用。
Xian is famous for its long history。西安因历史悠久而著名。
The city is well known for her large population。这座城市以人口众多而知名。
(2)at一般指情感的原因,通常放在表示惊讶或喜悦等感情的动词或形容词之后,表示因听到或看到而。
She got angry at his words。她因为他的话生气了。
He was surprised at the news。听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from表示外在的原因。如受伤、车祸等。
He died from the wound。他因受伤而致死。
Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accident。她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。
(4)of表示内在的原因,如病、饿等到。
He died of cancer。他死于癌症。
The old man died of hunger。老人死于饥饿。
(5)with表示由外在影响到肉体或心理的原因。
He shook with cold。他因寒冷而发抖。
He shouted loudly with anger。他气得大喊大叫。
6、like, as
(1)like像一样(其实不是)
The little tiger looks like a cat。这只小老虎看起来像只猫。
The mooncakes are like the moon。月饼像月亮。
(2)as作为,以身份(其实是)
He was hanged as a spy。他被作为间谍绞死了。
He talk to me as a father。他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
7、against, for
against反对,与for是反义词,如:
Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法?
They fought against the enemy。他们抗击敌人。
8、besides, except都表示除了。besides的用法就等于aswellas。
He is interested in tennis besides(as well as)football。 除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。
(1)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的除了,可以理解为除之外还、除之外又,表示两部分的相似性。
Twenty—five students went to the cinema besides him。
除他以外,还有25个学生去看了**。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English。除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
(2)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的除了,可以理解为撇开不谈,表示两部分的不同。
Every one is excited except me。除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)
All the visitors are Japanese except him。 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
在以下几种情况中,介词常常省略。
1、当表示时间的词前有this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等时,介词应省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week。(last week前不能用介词in等)
上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like。你想哪天都行。
Come on any day you like。()
next前可以加冠词,但意义不同。
Next week下周(以现在为起点)
the next week第二周(以过去某时为起点)
2、表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作每一解时,前面不用介词,
每小时80英里。
80milesinanhour。()
80milesanhour。()
An apple a day keeps the doctor away。每天吃一个苹果,医生不找我。
3、含有way的短语。如:in the same way, in this/that way, in another way等用于句末时,in常省略。
She did it the same way。她用同样的方法做的`。
初中英语介词用法知识点总结2一、表示时间的介词
时间介词有in , on,at, after, since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三个介词用法有个口诀: at午夜、点与分,上午、下午、晚用in。
年、月、年月、季节、周,之前加上介词in。
将来时态多久后,这些情形亦用in。
日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks
介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour
介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five
介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
二、表示方位的介词
常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下:
1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table
介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river
介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed
2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us
3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases
介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window
介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it
介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window
4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village
介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing
5、表示东南西北的时候,地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China
介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the US
介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England
三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with
1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 时,交通工具前不用任何词;用 in和on 时,交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike
2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具体工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料,例如:in English
四、介词的固定搭配
across from在对面 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 get on with 与某人相处
agree with 同意(某人) arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问 begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信 break off 打断 break out 爆发 bring down 降低 bring in 引进 bring up 教育,培养 build up 建起 burn down 烧光 call back 回电话 call for 要求约请 call on 拜访 访问 care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展 carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐 come about 发生,产生 come out 出来 come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较 compare to 比作 cut off 切断 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 献于 die out 灭亡 divide up 分配 dream of 梦想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于 get through 通过
常见考法
对于介词的考察,通常是以单项选择或完形填空形式考查介词用法,尤其是几个易混淆的代词。另外,介词与动词和形容词构成的固定搭配也是常见的考试内容。
误区提醒
1、掌握介词固定搭配
2、准确把握介词及介词短语的基本意义和用法。
典型例题1:Peter usually gets up early the morning
A in B on C at D of
解析;这是2008年北京市的一道中考题,本题考查时间介词的用法。“在早上”应为in the morning
答案:A
典型例题2:-How do you usually go to school
- my bike
A By B In C On
解析; 虽然介词by表示“乘坐”,但是它所接的名词前没有限定词,即by bike而本题中bike 前有限定词my,这时应用on
答案:C
初中英语介词用法知识点总结31at,on,in
(1)at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”
at5:30在5:30atsunrise日出时atlunch午饭时atnoon正午时atnight夜间
Igetupat6:00everyday我每天6:00起床。
表示“在……岁”时用attheageof…。
如:attheageoffive在五岁时。
(2)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:
onMonday在星期一onApril1st在四月一日
IheardashotonthemorningofMarch18三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。
泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用inthemorning/afternoon/evening,atnight;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时,则一律用on。
如:OntheafternoonofMay23在五月二十三日下午。
(3)in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
InSeptember在九月inwinter在冬季in1999在1999年inthe20thcentury在20世纪
inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上
2for,during,through
(1)for表示“一段时间”,后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。
I’vebeenasoldierfor5years我入伍已5年了。
Shehasbeenillforseveraldays她已经病了几天了。
给您带来的初二英语时间介词知识点总结,希望可以更好的帮助到您!!
初中英语介词用法知识点总结4一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…欢迎到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt)+副词
1.put on 穿上
2.take off脱下
3.write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on赶快
2.get up起床
3.go home回家
4.come in进来
5.sit down坐下
6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1close the door
21ook the same
3go to work/class
4be ill
5have a look/seat
6have supper
71ook young
8go shopping
9watch TV/games
10 play games [介词短语聚焦] “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。
常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
初中英语介词用法知识点总结51表示期限等用before,by,until/till,(from)to,within,in
a)before与by
before指“在……之前”:
Pleasecomebeforeteno'clock请10点以前来。
by指“在……前(时间);截至(到)……”:
HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书
表示“在……以前”时,before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至……为止”之意:
Howmanymodelshaveyoumadebytheendoflastmonth截至上月底你做了多少个模型
b)until/till与to
until/till指“直到……为止”,until和till可以通用:
until/tillseveno'clock直到7点
由until/till形成的句子,句中的动词如果是短暂性动词,则必须用否定句:
I'llwaitforhimuntilhecomeshere我将在这儿一直等到他来。(wait是延续动词,用肯定式)
Wedidn'tbegintowatchTVuntil/tillnineo'clock一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是短暂性动词,所以用否定式)
till/until常用于"fromtill/until"结构中,表示“一个动作的终结”;to常用在"fromto"的结构中,用来表示“一个阶段的终结”。两者在这种结构中意义十分接近:
Hestudiesfrommorningtill/untilnighteveryday他每天从早到晚学习。
TheAmericansstayedherefromJunetoSeptember这些美国人从六月到九月都呆在这里。
但如果句中没有from,就要用till/until而不用to:
Let'sstartnowandworktilldark让我们现在开始工作一直到天黑。(这里不能用to。)
c)within与in
within和in后都必须跟时间段。within强调“在……时间之内”,没有时态的限制;in是以现在为基准,inanhour是指从现在起1小时之后,所以一般用于将来时:
Hewillbebackinfivehours他五小时之后回来。
TheyworkedhardTheyfinishedtheworkwithin2daysatlast他们努力工作,结果终于他们在两天之内完成了这项工作。
Imustfinishpaintingthecatwithin/infiveminutes我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
2表示时间的起点等用from,since
a)from表示“从……开始”时,常用词组"fromto":
Themeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoten这个会议将从8点开到10点。
而单纯表示确切的从几点开始时可用at:
Theexamwillstartfrom/at9:00am考试将从上午九点开始。
b)since指“自从……以来”,表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续,通常用于完成时:
Ihavebeensicksinceyesterday我从昨天就病了。(一直到现在)
Wehavebeenmissingthemsincetheylefthere自从他们离开这里,我们就一直很想念他们。
初中英语介词用法知识点总结6从介词本身的结构来看:
1 简单介词:at, in, on, since, from
2 复合介词:as for 至于;as to 关于;out of 从,出自;into 进入;onto 到……上面去
3 二重介词:from under 从……的下面;from behind 从……的后面;until after 直到……之后;from among 从……当中
4 短语介词:according to 根据;ahead of 在……之前;apart from 在……之外;because of 由于;by means of 以……之手段;by way of 经由
从介词本身的意义来看:
1 表示时间的介词
about, around, before, by, at, after, in, on, around, between, during, for, from, since, till, until, within
2 表示地点的介词
about, at, in, on, over, through, across, along, around, before, between, beyond, down, up, to, toward, under, near
3 表示方式的介词
by bus 乘公共汽车
see with one's own eyes 亲眼看
write in ink 用墨水写
on foot 步行,徒步
He looked at me without expression 他毫无表情地看着我。
4 表示原因的介词
He was punished for stealing 他因偷窃而被惩罚。
suffer from a cold 患伤风
be ashamed of 因……而感到羞愧
shake with cold 因寒冷而发抖
5 表示关于的介词
What is the book about 这本书是关于什么内容的?(about关于一般情况)
I heard him talk on Chinese medicine last night 昨晚我听到他讲中国医学。(on关于理论、学术)
a long story of adventure 一个长篇冒险故事
6 表示比较的介词
His face is as black as coal 他的脸跟煤炭一样黑。
He saw a number of small hard things like stones 他看见一些像石头一样的小小的坚硬的东西。
7 表示除外的介词
He works every day but Sunday 除星期天外,他每天都工作。
We all went except Tom 除汤姆外,我们都去了。
The letter is good except for the spelling 这封信除了拼写错误之外,还算是很通顺的。
Besides English, he studies German and French 除英语外,他还学习德语和法语。(besides中文译成“除……外”,实则表示包含在内。)
8 表示条件的介词
With your help, we might finish the work earlier 有你的帮助,我们可能早点做完这工作。
Man cannot live without water 如果没有水人就不能活。
9 表示结果的介词
She tore the letter to pieces 她把信撕个粉碎。
10 表示对于的介词
Sea air is good for the health 海上的空气对健康有好处。
To her it was all unusual 这一切对她都很不平常。
一 定义
过去进行时,是表示过去某个时刻或时间段正在进行的事情或动作。
二 结构
was/were +doing (现在分词)
三 用法
1 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来,受伤了。
It was raining when they left the station
他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining
当我到达山顶的时候,阳光灿烂。
2 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例如:
What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
She was doing her homework then
那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
3在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
例如:
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper
他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking
他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger
A made
B is making
C was making
D makes
答案C 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep
A read; was falling
B was reading; fell
C was reading; was falling
D read;fell
答案B句中的as = when, while,意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
四 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
1 一般过去时叙述旧事,过去进行时描述背景。
2 一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态,过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”。
I read the book yesterday (已读完,表整个“读”)
I was reading the book at that time (未读完,“读”的片段)
3 过去的一段持续时间状语多与过去进行时连用
It was raining all night(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词,故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复,连续发生,不可用一般过去时)
五 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)
1 表心理状态、情感的动词
如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。更多知识点也可关注下北京新东方的初中英语课程~
中考英语语法-动词时态、语态
1、 一般现在时
(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如:
Sometimes, we go swimming after school
(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:
The earth goes round the sun
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如:
What are you doing now
(2) 和always, continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning
We're going to see a film next Monday
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如:
It happened many years ago
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday
7、 过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:
The train had already left before we arrived
8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't
II.例题
例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态
例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
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