西语提问～高人速进～

1,Ema,lucía y yo somos amigas意思是Ema,lucía 和我（我们三个人）是朋友，主语是我们三个人，复数；而soy amiga de lucíca y Ema 意思是我是 lucíca和Ema的朋友，主语是我，单数。

2，这个问题没太看明白你想问什么，西班牙语发音是规则的，看见什么就读什么就行了。那就用中文凑一个发音“哎来思”“搔意思”大家看看玩~~嘻嘻~~其实这样学发音很不标准哦~~

3，你说的太对了，日常生活中没有西班牙人这么罗嗦，直接说soy就足够了。

4，这样说比较好 sois medicosno, no somos medicossomos enfermeros

5,你这个问题，其实从语法角度讲是没有错的，可以这样说，但是习惯上，西班牙人问 您是某某人么？这个问题时还是会说“Es usted ”因为如果想使用尊称称呼人家，干嘛还扭扭捏捏不说出来，或者图省事儿给略掉呢？既然想表示礼貌，还是把usted ustedes说出来比较好。而且只用es son也会产生不必要的歧义，不知是尊称还是第三人称。最后一个第二人称，我觉得就无所谓了，没有也明白；有了tu，就是强调的语气，具体看场合灵活运用吧。比如吵架的时候加上tu就比较有劲了！嘿嘿~~

6，son ellos amigos de lixin或者常用的son amigos de lixin

7,有啊 claro que si!

8，第一个su不可以省略哦,我觉得你写错了，应该是hermana吧？意思是说ema不是他的姐妹，是他的老婆。其实，我觉得这个跟中文用法一样的，如果说ema不是姐妹，是他的老婆，这样就感觉怪怪的，因为要省略的东西一般来讲应该是前文说过的，而不是以后要说的。后一种说法我觉得没问题，因为日常也会这样用，理解成强调esposa。但是你这样考试可能不过关哦~~哈哈

最新36个万能高频动词用法扫描

1ask

A问 1) vt May I ask you a question

I have something to ask you

Jack asked me how to start the machine

She asked what time it was

2) vi I asked only out of curiosity

Tom went to ask about the train

If you don’t understand, ask

B要求；请求；征求 vt

I’m going to the workers to ask their advice

He asked Joe to get in touch with them

He was asked to see them off

C邀请 vt They asked us over their dinner

They often ask him out to sea

D习语 ask about…询问、打听

ask after…问候

ask for…请求、找某人、要求

ask sth of sb 向某人问

2break

vt A 打破、打碎、打断

Who broke the window into pieces

He fell and broke his leg

Try not to break the silence

B违反

He often breaks his promise/his word/ the law/ the rule

C习语

break away突然离开

break away from sb脱离、离开、背弃

break down 中断、粉碎、发生故障、（身体）跨了、（机器）坏了

break forth迸发、爆发、发泄

break in闯进、打断

break in on sb打断某人的谈话

break into…闯入、侵占

break…into pieces打碎

break off折断、突然中断

break…open 撬开

break out爆发

break through…突破

break…up开垦、破碎、解散、分解

break with sb与某人断交

break sb’s heart使某人心碎

3bring

A vt 带来、拿来（由远而近）

Bring me the paper, please

He forgot to bring his umbrella

May I bring her to see you

Shall I bring the books upstairs

After we were seated, she brought out dishes

B习语 bring…about造成、导致

bring… down打落（飞机、禽鸟等）、降低（物价、温度等）

bring… forward提出

bring…in引进、介绍、收获

bring…into being实现、使产生

bring…into effect/practice实行、贯彻

bring…out出版、发表

bring…to an end/ a stop/ a close使终止、结束

bring… to mind使想起、回忆起

bring…together集合；召集

bring…up养育、呕吐

bring…to victory使走向胜利

bring…to safety带到安全地带

4catch

A vt 抓住、逮住、挂住The nail caught my coat

He caught my hand and held it tightly

We caught ten monkeys in all

但是 vi 挂住 His coat caught on a nail

The kite caught in a tree

B赶上、搭上 We’ll hurry and catch the 10:30 bus

C听懂 Pease repeat it I didn’t quite catch you

Do you catch my meaning

D染上 He caught a bad flu

E（出其不意地）撞上、碰上 She caught him smoking

Some boys were caught stealing flowers from the garden

F 给撞上、碰上 The ship was caught in a hurricane

One night we were caught in a thunderstorm

Hurry up and don’t get caught in a storm

G习语

catch at sth 想抓住、设法抓住

catch sb by surprise出其不意抓住

catch/get/seize/take hold of…（突然）抓住、抓牢

catch sb’s attention/eye吸引某人注意

catch sight of…看到、发现

catch the point of…抓住…的要点

catch up赶上

catch up with…赶上…

5．do

A aux v

(1) 帮助构成一般过去时或一般现在时的疑问或否定式

They do not believe it When id they arrive there

(2) 用在肯定句和祈使句中加强语气

I do miss you, Mum She does sing well

Do be on time So she did come after all

(3) 用来表示前边提到的动作（以免重复）

---May I come round in the evening ---Yes, please do

I knew he would help us, and he did

(4) 用于某些倒装句中

Only then did I realize he had been wrong

Never did he know anything about it

B 做 vt Can I do anything for you

We often do our homework together

The glass is broken who did it

We did some reading last night

She did most of the talking

C vi (1) 表示生活、学习等情况How do you do

They did very well in English but badly in maths

How did you do in the exam How are you doing

(2) 行了、够了、可以On e piece of bread will do

Talking with your mouth full won’t do

(3) 做、办 Do as you are told to

When in Rome, do as the Romans do

Let her do as she likes

D习语

do…with…处理 What have you done with my bike

can do with…将就用 I can do with the old bed

do something about…对…采取措施

do sb a favor=do a favor for sb帮某人个忙

do away with…废除、破除、去掉

do sb good/harm/wrong= do good/harm/wrong to sb 对某人有益/有害/冤枉某人

do one’s best/ bit/part=do everything/all/what one can尽力

do …up包扎、扣（纽扣）

do without…没有…也行、不需要

have something to do with…与…有关

do right/wrong做得对/做错了

6expect

1 vt 期待、预料、等待It’s what we’ve expected

Is this the letter you have been expecting

We expect to finish the work by Friday

I expect that they will drop in

I expect you to make more progress

---Will he be back tonight ---I expect so

You arrived earlier than we had expected

2习语

as (is/ was/ has been) expected不出所料

They came late again, as was expected

expect too much of sb对某人期待过高

7feel感觉、觉得

A (1) vt Do you feel any pain when I press here

Facing this situation, they felt both joy and fear

(2) link v I don’t feel very well today

The busier he is, the happier he feels

The desk feels smooth

(3) vt 接复合宾语 I felt someone go upstairs

I felt a great weight taken off my mind after the exam

She felt their eyes watching her when she came to the stage

She felt herself (to be) right

I felt it my duty to help you

He felt it necessary to talk about his own shortcomings

(4) vt 宾语从句

He felt strongly that we should take some action about the bad practice

B vt 摸 He felt the pot and it felt very hot

C习语

feel like doing sth想要

feel one’s way摸索前进

feel sb’s pulse切脉

feel as if/ as though感觉似乎

She felt as if she were a member of the family

feel quite oneself 觉得身体很好

8find

A vt (1) 发现

I found a wallet on the street corner yesterday

He found her in danger=He found that she was in danger

I found him (to be) a tough guy=I found that he was a tough guy

This method was found to be practical=It was found that the method was practical

I find it interesting to read these stories= I find that it is interesting to =read these stories

I found a dog killed in the park= I found that a dog had been killed in the park

I found a man breaking into a warehouse= I found that a man was breaking into a warehouse

(2) 找到

Have you found the book you have been looking for

B习语

find…out查清楚；弄明白；了解；打听

find one’s way to sp设法赶到；进入

They found their way to the front of the crowd

The news found its way to a lot of people

find fault with sb 对某人吹毛求疵；挑剔

find oneself…发现自己…、不自觉地…

They found themselves in a difficult situation

Then I found myself surrounded by some boys

He found himself walking in the direction to the park

他发现自己不知不觉地在往公园的方向走。

9get

A vt得到、弄来 Where did you get these good ideas

Let me go get the doctor

Will you get me a ticket=Will you get a ticket for me

He got a poor wage Let’s get something to eat

B习语

get about（消息）传开

A rumor(谣传) got around that Fu Biao was ill in hospital

get…across讲清楚;渡过

I wonder how to get my new ideas across

get ahead of…领先

get along进展、过活、相处

get away逃掉

get away from…避免、摆脱、离开

get back回来

get…back收回、找回

get behind落后

get …down记下来

get down to (business/ work/ studies)认真做

get to know/ realize/love/like逐渐地了解/爱上

get in进来

get…in收进来、请来

get off起飞、下车、出发

get…off脱下

get on…上车/船/飞机等；继续进行；相处

get…out拔出、洗掉、出版

get out传出

News got out that you were leaving

get over…克服、摆脱

get rid of…消灭、摆脱、除掉

get round…绕过、回避

get somewhere有结果/成就

get through…做完、结束；看完、用完

get together聚会、联欢

get up起床、举办

The students are going to get up a concert on May Day

have got=have有

have got to=have to不得不

10give vt 给

Who is going to give the talk

He was given a good beating last night

习语

give…away泄露、送掉、分配

give…back归还、报复

giveforth发出；发表

give in屈服、让步

give…in交上

give in to sb/ sth屈服于；对…让步

give…off放出、发出（光、热、气味等）

give oneself up to doing sth 献身于、专心于

give up放弃、投降

give…up停止、戒掉

give way to sb让步；让位于

As winter gave way to spring, days were getting longer

given that假定；已知

give sb a hand帮某人忙

give rise to导致

11go

A vi 走 He has gone back home a newspaper

Pride goes before a fall

B link v He went hungry for a week

His face went pale when he heard the news

This guy went wild/ crazy/ mad after the loss of his wife

Don’t ever eat the bread It has gone bad

C习语

go after…设法得到；追求

go along向前发展 We’ll learn as we go along

go back on one’s word/ promise失信

go back to…追溯到

This custom goes back to Roman times

go beyond…超过

go down下落；减弱

go up增长；提高

go into…研究；从事

go off爆炸；（电、水等）停掉

go ahead继续进行；去做吧

go all out全力以赴

go and do sth= go to do sth

go down on one’s knees跪下

go in for喜爱；从事

go on发生；持续

go on to do sth接着做（另一件事情）

go on doing sth继续做（同一件事情）

go on with sth 继续做（同一件事情，可以有间隔）

go out熄灭；过时

go over sth浏览；复习；审阅

go through…经历；检查；

go shopping/ fishing/ skiing/ skating/ begging/ boating/ swimming/ fox hunting/ sightseeing/ mountain climbing

go from bad to worse每况愈下

go from door to door

be gone丢了；走了；一去不复返

Gone are the days when we studied together happily

have a go试一下

go out of one’s way to do sth 不辞辛劳去做……

go to hell见鬼去吧

go to sleep睡着

go through with…把……进行到底

go well with…与……相配/协调

go without…不吃/用……过日子

Sometimes they went for days without washing their faces

12have

句型1 have sb/ sth do sth

Let’s have them stand facing the wall

句型2 have sb/ sth doing

We had the fire burning all night

I won’t have you talking to your dad like that!

句型3 have sb/ sth done

I will have my radio fixed He had his wallet stolen

句型4 have sth to do I have a letter to write

句型5 have to do sth I have to get up early every day

习语

与动词同行的名词连用，表示动作：have a talk with…

have a look/ glance/ glimpse at

have a meeting/ discussion/ operation/ haircut

have an English lesson

have a swim/ wash/ rest/ try/ smoke/ taste/ dream/ walk

have a cold/ cough/ headache/ pain

have lunch/ some beer

have a good/pleasant/ tough/ bad/ hard/ difficult terrible time

They had a hard time solving the problem

have fun=have a good time/enjoy oneself

have a word/ a few words with sb与…谈话

have words with sb与…吵架

have something/ nothing/ a lot to do with…

have sth on穿着（状态）

had better (not) do sth最好；不得不（迫于客观原因）

have something with sb随身携带

have a baby生小孩

have a test/ talk/ speech/ lecture/ chat

have had enough of厌倦

have sth back要回

have one’s own way按照自己的意思办；我行我素

have sth to oneself完全由自己使用

You can have the house entirely to yourself

13help

A vt 帮助 They did everything they could to help us with our lessons

This medicine will help you (to) get better

She helped (to) sweep the floor

B vi 有帮助；有用；好用

This medicine won’t help Thinking will help

C习语

help sb with sth 帮助做

help sb out of trouble帮助某人脱离困境

can’t help doing sth禁不住……

cannot help/ choose but do sth只好……

help sb out帮助结局难题； 帮助摆脱困境；救出

turn to sb for help求助于……

be of help有帮助；有用

14hold

A vt拿着；握着

Holding my hand, he tried to calmed me down

Hold the line, please

容纳 How much water can the tank hold

拥有；占有 He held the position for years

举行 Chinese film weeks will be held in other places

B习语

hold…back阻碍；忍住；保留

hold…down 控制； 镇压

hold…forth提出；

hold…in memory 记住

hold on坚持下去；（电话）别挂

hold on to…抓住不放

hold out坚持到底；维持；伸出

We must hold out, and the enemy will give up

They were ready to hold out a friendly hand

hold to sth紧紧抓住；坚持（路线、道路、看法等）

hold…together合在（一起）；团结（在一起）

hold…up举起；耽搁；耽误

The storm held us up, so we were late for the meeting

Their wages were help up or reduced for no reason

15keep

A vt (1)保留 I’ll keep a seat for you

(2)养活；饲养

He has a large family to keep He keeps some chicken

(3)使……处在……状态 Sorry to have kept you waiting

Let’s keep the door open but keep the windows closed

You must keep us well informed

Mr Xue always keeps us busy

Close the door to keep the cold out

Let’s keep the room in order

B link v 保持

We must keep fit=We must keep in good health Keep calm in time of danger

C习语

keep a record of登记；记录

keep a secret保密

keep watch注意；提防

keep one’s promise/word履行诺言

keep the law/rule遵守法律/法规

keep…apart使分离

keep away不接近；避开

keep…back扣下；阻止；留下；忍住（眼泪等）

keep birthday/ Christmas庆祝生日/圣诞等

keep body and soul together维持生活

keep…down控制；缩减

keep sb doing sth 使……坚持做

keep silence保持安静；保持沉默

keep sth to oneself把……据为己有

keep sb from doing sth 阻止；使免于；抑制

keep hold of…抓住不放

keep …in mind记住

keep doing sth 继续做；不断地做

keep on doing sth 不停地做;反复地做

keep…out不许……入内

keep out of…不参与

keep sb company与某人做伴； 陪伴某人

keep to sth坚持；固守（习惯等）

keep…under control使得以控制

keep in touch with…与保持联系

keep up坚持；继续

keep up with…跟上

keep watch守望；站岗

16know

A vt(1)知道 I have known him since childhood

(2)懂得 Do you know Japanese

B习语

be known as…通称为；以著称；被认为是

be known for…因而出名

be known to sb为某人所了解

become well known出名

for all/anything/ everything I know 据我所知

It is well known that…众所周知

know about/ of了解；知道

know…for certain确实知道

know sb by name仅知道某人的名字（不认识）

know sb by sight与某人面熟（不熟悉）

know/learn …by heart背诵

make…known/public公告；发表；表示

know/ tell right from wrong辨别是非

know no limits是无限的

A man’s life is limited, but service to the people knows no limits

17leave

A vi离开；离去When are you leaving

He left in a hurry without telling anyone

B vt(1)留下 She asked us to leave our address

(2)使处在某种状态

Sorry to have left some questions unanswered

He left the window open

She left the baby crying bitterly

The illness left him rather weak

(3)剩下 We have only three months left

C习语

leave…about乱放

leave…alone放任不管

leave…behind留下；遗下

leave A for B离开A去B

leave hold of…放弃；松手

leave nothing to be desired尽善尽美

leave …off停止

leave …out省去；遗漏

leave…over留下；剩下

leave room for留下……余地

18let

A vt让 She doesn’t let her child play with fire

B用于祈使句 Let’s go to the Summer Palace, shall we

Let Peter do the job, will you

C习语

let…alone不干涉；听之任之；更不必说

the baby can’t even walk, let alone run

let…be不干涉；听之任之

let…down使……失望;放下 I won’t let myself down!

let…go释放；松手 Let go of me!

let…in放进来

let…off放（炮、烟花、枪等）

let…out泄漏；放掉（水、气等）；释放

let…pass放过；不追究；宽恕

http://hibaiducom/zhou_shao_yong/blog/item/bf07eb1915474c4143a9adb8html

　英汉翻译过程包括理解和表达两个重要的阶段，只有在正确理解原文词义的基础上,才能正确地表达原文。下文是我为大家整理的关于英汉翻译论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!

英汉翻译论文范文篇1

　探析英汉翻译陷阱

　摘 要英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，常常是句子或词语的表层结构与其要表达的真实含义相反。为了避免落入英语陷阱，学习者对英语的某些词句、语义应克服表面化的理解，也不能简单照搬辞典上的释义，更不能望文生义;对中西文化差异也必须有深刻的了解。只要对英语陷阱多注意、多分析、多体会，便可避免误入一些似是而非的“陷阱”。

　关键词英汉翻译;陷阱;表层结构;深层含义

　英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，对学习者来说的确是一个必须要注意的问题。在英汉翻译中，初学者往往从语法角度对英汉两种语言做机械对比，有时还下意识地将词典释义不加斟酌，拿来就用。在审查译文表达是否准确时，又习惯于将自己的母语思维定势用作衡量正误的标准。这些做法实际上都很容易造成释义与原文真实含义的脱节，甚至南辕北辙，落入英语“陷阱”。

　一、短语翻译中的陷阱

　例子如下：

　1、confidence man

　误译：值得信赖的人

　正译：骗子

　2、sleep late

　误译：睡觉很晚

　正译：起床很晚

　3、black tea

　误译：黑茶

　正译：红茶

　4、gas mask

　误译：赌气面具

　正译：防毒面具

　5、mad-doctor

　误译：发疯的医生

　正译：精神病医师

　6、lightning rod

　误译：闪电针

　正译：避雷针

　7、trouble man

　误译：制造麻烦的人

　正译：故障检修员

　8、be in control

　误译：被控制

　正译：掌控……，控制……

　9、flu mask

　误译：流感口罩

　正译：卫生器具

　10、fire engine

　误译：点火机器

　正译：救火车、消防车

　11、fire wall

　误译：着火的墙

　正译：防火墙

　对这些短语均须准确理解，否则便会落入陷阱之中。

　二、习语翻译中的陷阱

　在翻译英语习语时，初学者有时总想找一个汉语的习语或成语，使之与英语习语相对应。虽然这种对应在某种程度上可以做到，但却不一定在所有情况下都能成功。英语陷阱的特点就是其表层意思和深层含义常常貌合神离，甚至南辕北辙，若抛开语言文化差异而不顾，盲目追求“形似”，就难免会落入英语陷阱。如：

　1、Gild(或Paint)the lily

　该习语似乎与“锦上添花”意思相近，但实际上却相差甚远。在汉语中，“锦上添花”比喻使美好的事物更加美好，而这个习语的意思是指对已经很完美的东西做不恰当甚至过分的修饰，结果是破坏了原来的美。这有点近似于汉语的“画蛇添足”。

　2、Strange bedfellows

　这个习语不等于“同床异梦”。“Strange bedfellows”指走到一起的不同类型的人，萍水相逢的人;或有些人性格、兴趣、习惯等都不相同，本来不会碰到一起，而现在却成了伙伴。“同床异梦”指的是虽然共同生活或共同从事某项活动，但各有各的打算，面和心不合。可见“strange bedfellows”和“同床异梦”所指很不一样。

　3、Turn the table

　这个习语很容易被误译为“把桌子掀翻”，而且好像还带有气愤至极的味道。其实，这种理解是不对的，“turn the table”在含义上并不带有这种激动的成分。譬如，一对夫妻吵架、闹离婚，经过调解之后，终于化干戈为玉帛。丈夫的一位美国朋友打来电话，询问情况，当知道是这么一种结果时，便说:“Oh，thank God!You turned the table”这位男士听后很不理解：朋友是不是以为自己对妻子动粗了其实，这个习语的意思和掀翻桌子一点关系也没有，也不带有什么负面的感情色彩，它的意思是“扭转了局面”。

　4、The last straw

　如：The service in this shop has been bad before，but this is the last straw

　误译：这家商店的服务一向不好，这可是救命稻草。

　学习者对这句英文容易误译的原因就是在阅读时容易忽略中西方文化因素，望文生义。因为在我们的文化中，很容易把“the last straw”和“最后一根稻草(救命稻草)”联系起来。可是在英语中，“the last straw”指的是“the last in a series of bad events，etcthat makes it impossible for somebody to accept a situation any longer(令人忍无可忍之事;终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事或一个因素等)”。该习语源于谚语“It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back”。(最后添加的一根稻草压断骆驼脊背。)可见，它的指称意义与汉语的“救命稻草”大相径庭。所以，“The service in this shop has been bad before，but this is the last straw”应该译为：这家商店的服务一向不好，这一次更是叫人受不了。

　三、句型翻译中的陷阱

　释义与原义南辕北辙，这种现象在某些英语句型和特殊结构的翻译中也很常见。当然，之所以出现“南辕北辙”的现象，归根到底还是由于没有掌握英语陷阱的规律。由于英语中一些固定结构的深层含义与表层含义相反，所以，若仅仅按照句子的表层结构进行翻译，那就很容易会落入英语陷阱之中。

　1、For all 结构

　如：For all I care，you can throw it away

　误译：你把它丢了，我很在乎。

　正译：你把它丢了，我也不在乎。

　2、It + be + adj+ n+ that 结构

　著名翻译家钱歌川教授认为像这一类的句型应从反面理解，以适应英语语言的独特意境。

　如：It is a good workman that never blunders

　误译：一个好的技工从来不会犯错。

　正译：智者千虑，必有一失。

　It is a wise father that knows his own child

　误译：聪明的爸爸会了解自己的孩子。

　正译：聪明的爸爸也未必了解自己的孩子。

　3、being + a

　如：They are being friendly

　误译：他们现在很友好。

　正译：他们装出一副友好的样子。

　“being friendly”之所以是“装出一副友好的样子(或姿态)”，是因为从深层结构看，“being”表示的意思是“目前”或“现在”，其含义短暂。它说明这是主语有意识的一个动作，因而在这类句子里面就隐含着一个意思：他们平时并不这么友善，现在是故意作秀。在这个句型里，“being”的含义相当于“故意地”。

　4、形式否定，实为肯定

　(1)…cannot……too

　如：You cannot be too careful when driving

　误译：你开车的时候不能太小心了。

　正译：你开车的时候越小心越好。

　此结构在形式上是否定的，但意义却是肯定的。表示一个人“无论怎么…也不过分”，“越……越好”。

　(2)……never……but……

　如：I never go to that city but I want to eat the characteristic food there

　误译：我从来不去那个城市，但是我想吃那里的特色食品。

　正译：我每次去那个城市都要吃那里的特色食品。

　在“……never……but……”这个结构中，never和but是用来加强语气的，实表肯定的意思，可译为“每次……都/必……”。

　(3)……nothing if not……

　如：The book is nothing if not interesting

　误译：这本书没有什么意思。

　正译：这本书相当有意思。

　在这里，“nothing if not”是一个双重否定，实际上它是一个强调肯定意义的结构。“nothing if not”相当于“extremely”、“very”，意思是“极其……”，“非常……”。

　5、形式肯定，实为否定

　(1)……the last…… + 不定式短语/定语从句

　如：This is the last thing I expect him to do

　误译：这是我希望他做的最后一件事。

　正译：这是我最不希望他做的事。

　在这个句型中，“last”应理解为“最不可能的”。

　(2)……anything but……

　如：This math text is anything but easy

　误译：这次数学考试很容易。

　正译：这次数学考试一点也不容易。

　“……anything but……”应理解为never，意思是“决不”。

　6、貌似全部否定，实为部分否定

　如：All of the students did not turn up

　误译：所有的学生都没有出席。

　正译：并非所有的学生都出席了。

　Both of us are not teachers

　误译：我们俩都不是教师。

　正译：我们俩并不都是教师。

　英语中，当all，both，every，each等表示整体意义的代词与否定词not连用时，一般只表示部分否定，而不是全部否定。

　7、否定转移

　如：He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so

　误译：他不会相信此事，因为亚里士多德这样说过。

　正译：他并不会因为亚里士多德说过如何如何就轻信此事。

　否定转移结构往往貌似一般否定结构，not的位置与一般否定结构中的not完全相同，但实际上却是一种部分否定，not由一部分转移到了另一部分。

　英汉翻译中稍不留意就会出现意思南辕北辙的现象还有很多，例子不胜枚举，限于篇幅，这里不再赘述。

　四、如何避免落入陷阱

　从上面所举的这些例子不难看出，英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，学习者可谓一不留神就会落入陷阱。如何避免这种情况的发生呢

　首先，学习者对英语的词句、语义应努力克服机械理解，不能简单照搬辞典上的释义，更不能想当然。在翻译时，望文生义是最要不得的。

　第二，学习者对中西文化差异必须要有深刻的了解。

　语言是文化的载体，是折射不同民族文化的一面镜子。有时，英汉翻译之所以会掉入陷阱，一个很重要的原因就是学习者忽视对中西文化差异的学习和掌握，这种忽视势必会使学习者误入歧途，掉入文化的“陷阱”。只有在文化中去探寻词语或某些特殊表达方式的真实内涵，才会有效地避免翻译中的“南辕北辙”;只有了解不同国度的文化差异，在英汉翻译过程中才不会落入陷阱。正如王佐良先生所指出的：“在寻找与原文相对的‘对等词’的过程中，就要做一番比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等各个方面都相当。这当中，陷阱是不少的，如果我们望文生义就会出毛病……译者做的文化比较远比一般人细致、深入。他处理的是个别的词;他面对的则是两大片文化。”由此可见，学习者对中西文化的了解何其重要。

　第三，对英语陷阱的规律要多注意、多分析、多体会。

　英译汉有时可以做到形式结构上的对等，但并不是每个英文习语、短语都能在汉语中找到意义对等且形式结构也相当的习语或惯用法。在这种情况下，译者可采用音译加注、意译、增译等其他技巧来表达某些英语特殊结构或词语的真正含义，这样才能避免误入一些似是而非的“盲区”或“陷阱”。

　参考文献：

　[1]孙海运英语成语来龙去脉[M]中国对外翻译出版社,1989

　[2]鲁迅准风月谈[M]人民文学出版社,2006

　[3]ASHornby牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第七版)[M]牛津大学出版社,2010

　[4]董乐山英译汉理论与实例[M]北京出版社,2005

　[5]王佐良翻译中的文化比较[J]中国翻译,1984(01)

英汉翻译论文范文篇2

　英汉翻译的词序差异

　摘要：本文主要研究英汉翻译中经常出现但又不被重视的词序问题。通过以词序中的副词、形容词为研究对象来体现在英汉翻译中词序使用正确的价值与意义，从而促进英汉翻译技能的成熟与完整。

　关键词：词序渊源;副词词序;形容词词序

　在平时的练习中我们不难发现英译汉的过程中词序的一些变化，这种差异值得学习的人研究和琢磨。因此，在英汉翻译中应首先了解这种差异中的一种，即词序的变化对翻译者而言是有价值的。价值何在通过以下的比较研究，让我们来认识这一点，并且让这一点服务于翻译。

　一、练习

　妇女要求同工同酬。他们终于找到了一个能应付这种局面的人。译者的对应结构式：“Woman demands equal pay for equal work”这句话没有问题。但对第二句话的词序就犯了愁，怎么写呢“They finally found a man equal to the occasionFinally they found an equal man to the occasion”前一句的翻译正好是在说汉语原句的意思，这句是对的，而后一句会产生歧义。看的人会认为意思是：他们终于找了一个公平公正的人去应付这种局面。这些经常出现的问题体现了译者的基础薄弱。对词序的不甚了解而导致了问题的出现。这种问题在翻译中会带来一些不必要的甚至是负面的影响，好在初学者大多是在练习中而已。试想，对于一个翻译工作者来讲，掌握且精通词序是有意义的。

　这便给我们提了个醒。要怎样才能掌握好副词在句中的词序呢“diligently”，“characteristically”等置于动词之前时，仅修饰动词本身。而置于句末时，其修饰对象及句意均有变化。对比以下句子可以看出这种特点。The people in the USalways show their capacity on settling the diligently complex problems，for instance，the colleague stateDiligently，Lillian showed Parent Zhang all around Beijing City，who comes from Shanghai

　二、给出的例句

　The kitty nearly touched the back of herself as she would be the greatest painter around Town Sony翻译成：这可爱的猫咪一伸手就能摸到自己个儿的背，看起来像是索尼镇上最了不起的画家。这显示猫咪并不真的是画家，只是有一种能显示出猫咪妖娆的色彩，让人觉得她是灵活的、聪明可爱的。我们也能感受到，似我们在其他情绪中如“蕴酿”一般，没有体现一个什么过程，只是有一种“身临其境”的感受，没多想就写出来了。

　从以上的比较中我们可以看出这两句中的副词“nearly”与“too”是相反的。置于不同的词之前，会产生不同的句意。而“too”只是强调所紧跟的词，无论该词是人称代词还是地点名词。如：I，too，brushed the yellow shoesToo 此处强调主语I。而My grandpa and I brushed the yellow shoes，too该处仔细读来是在强调“爷爷也刷了他的**的鞋子”这件事情。

　因为副词在语法上的功能是做状语使用，所修饰的是一个完整的句子，或是某个形容词，使语言本身更富色彩。在词序的学习研究中，副词的研究很具代表性。

　下面我们来研究一下形容词在词序上的位置给句子带来的变化。例句：Young Chairman Mao，proper pioneer of the Chinese Communist Party(which put him involved into the liberation of whole China)had gained the support from the bosom friends as in his student year(作为身兼解放全中国伟大事业及带领中国***的合适的领袖，年轻的毛主席以自己学生时代的志同道合者们作为开展工作的基石。)They failed to trust the matter to a responsible man(他们未能将此事委托给一个负责任的人)The man responsible was at last punished(应负责任的当事人最终受到了处罚。)三个形容词proper，bosom，responsible在两组句子里不同的位置可以看出形容词作前置定语与后置定语所产生的在汉语上的效果。“合适的领袖、志同道合的朋友、一个负责任的人、应负责任的人”，这些理解把形容词带给语言的修饰功能已经带出来了。让语言本身拥有多变的外貌，统一的思想，即：实现语言所表达的色彩。

　三、除了以动词、副词和形容词的例句来研究词序外，还涉及到的内容

　这些包括连贯(Coherence)、强调(Emphasis)、悬念(Suspense)，分别来了解一下。

　In the inn the Kuomintang set for the so-called Hot Red liberators，Yuan Juemin kneed on the cold floorIt looked like that he would say no other words from now onBut a slim light put on his white and skinny face as a shower that made him feel so niceHe smiled then，no other words，just smileThe smile that also covered the roommates from the front corner to the back cornerThe roommates also said no other words thenThey knew clearly what waited before them

　如果翻译只达到“信”，这让人觉得这橡皮筋被拉扯得太过费劲，且那么不自然，让业内人士一看就觉得动力火候欠缺，不够专业。那要如何处理呢我们不妨来剖析剖析这个句子。主人翁是袁觉民，一个被国民党当成赤色分子关在监狱里的革命人。当我们看到因为长久没见到阳光，而现在哪怕见到从窗户里挤进来的一丝阳光就满足得心甘情愿接受折磨也不透漏出卖同志的一个字。他跪在冰冷的地上时，我们按一般的思维会产生一个悬念：接下来他要哭还是难受还是怎样。待全句读完，这个悬念才待释。原来他不难受不伤心，而是很满足，很知道从这一刻起生命、人生对他来讲的意义是什么。一个大转折，让读者读完也产生一种“生的伟大，死的光荣”的豪情壮志。一瞬间那种所谓的民族豪情便油然而生。而且全句都是连贯且有强调的，强调袁觉民的表现。译句中体现出悬念再加上深具节奏，读来抑扬顿挫，语句丰润有泽，所以佳句便呈现出来了。

　四、我们来检验检验词序在翻译上的作用与之服务的意义

　The young sisters told their teacher all their troublesThe young sisters told all their troubles to their teacher从前译者认为这两句话所说的是一个意思，译作同一个句子便可。便直接译为：这对姐妹把他们的烦恼全都告诉了他们的老师。这样看似是对的。但严格的放到词序这个问题上来分析，前一句的信息核心是all their troubles——告诉了老师什么后一句的信息核心是to their teacher——告诉谁因此，该译文只适合后一句，而前一句当译成：这对姐妹对老师讲了他们所有的烦恼。

　仅以本文的陈述、论述和例证来让译文在对待英汉翻译上从大局出发，从小节着手，如词序问题，从而译出叫人拍手称好、张嘴叫绝的文字，从理论上更上一个研究的新台阶。从实践中印证英汉翻译的细节讲究，为英汉翻译积累更多更好的原始佐证材料，促使译文的发展和完整。

　参考文献：

　[1]郑立信，王菊泉英汉语言文化对比研究[M]北京：上海外语教育出版社，2004

　[2]从莱庭，徐鲁亚西方修辞学[M]上海：上海外语教育出版社，2007

01 one of the boys

i saw a spider

我看见了一只蜘蛛

i didn't scream

我没有尖叫

cuz i can belch the alphabet

我还可以打个饱嗝

just double dog dare me

and i chose guitar over ballet

吉他还是芭蕾 我选吉他

and i take these suckers down

我把那些笨蛋都干掉

cuz they just

get in my way

因为他们到了我的道

the way

you look at me

is kinda like a little sister

你看我的方式就像在看一个姐姐

rubbed by

your goodbyes

被你的“再见”擦伤了

and it leaves me nothing but blisters

只留下了满身水泡

so i don't want to be one of the boys

所以我不想成为那些男孩子中的一员

one of your guys

你的一个男朋友

just give me a chance

给了我一个机会

to prove to you tonight

来向你证明明晚

i just wanna be one of the girls

我只想成为你的女孩

pretty in pearls

戴上首饰 漂亮的女孩

not one of the boys

而不是你的男孩

so over summer something changed

过了夏天 一些事情改变了

i started reading 17

我开始我的17岁

and shaving my legs

剃我的腿毛

and i study the avedareligously

我潜心研究 aveda（一个品牌）

and i walked right in school

我刚好在学校走着的时候

and caught you

碰到了你

staring over me

你看着我

cuz i know

what you know

我知道你在想什么

but now your gonna have to take a number

its ok

但是，还轮不到你呢！去排队吧！

maybe one day

也许有一天

but not until i get my

diamond ring

在我戴上钻石戒指前

cuz i don't want to be one of the boys

我不想成为那些男孩中的 一员

i just wanna be a homecoming queen

返校节舞会上的女王

i wanna be a flower

我想成为一朵花

not a dirty weed

不是肮脏的杂草

and i wanna smell like roses

我希望我闻起来有玫瑰的味道

not a baseball team

而不是橄榄球队的汗臭

and i swear maybe one day

我发誓有一天

your gonnna wanna make out make out make out with me

(don't wanna be)

你会想和我约会

----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------

02 i kissed a girl

This was never the way I planned

这从来不是我预料的那样

Not my intention

绝非我的本意

I got so brave, drink in hand

手握酒，变得勇敢

Lost my discretion

失去了我的判断力

It's not what, I'm used to

这不是我一直习惯的那样

Just wanna try you on

只是希望对者你试试

I'm curious for you

我对你充满好奇

Caught my attention

吸引我全部的注意力

I kissed a girl and I liked it

我吻了一个女孩 我喜欢

The taste of her cherry chapstick

她那樱桃味的唇膏

I kissed a girl just to try it

我吻了一个女孩 只是想试下

I hope my boyfriend don't mind it

我希望我男朋友不介意

It felt so wrong

感觉如此糟糕

It felt so right

感觉如此美妙

Don't mean I'm in love tonight

并不意味者今晚我陷入爱恋

I kissed a girl and I liked it

我吻了一个女孩 我喜欢

I liked it

我喜欢

No, I don't even know your name

不我甚至不知道你的名字

It doesn't matter

无关紧要

Your my experimental game

你是我的实验品

Just human nature

只是人类的本性

It's not what, good girls do

这不是 好女孩该做的

Not how they should behave

不是他们应该做的

My head gets so confused

我脑中很困惑

Hard to obey

很难去顺从

I kissed a girl and I liked it

我吻了一个女孩 我喜欢

The taste of her cherry chapstick

她那樱桃味的唇膏

I kissed a girl just to try it

我吻了一个女孩 只是想试下

I hope my boyfriend don't mind it

我希望我男朋友不介意

It felt so wrong

感觉如此糟糕

It felt so right

感觉如此美妙

Don't mean I'm in love tonight

并不意味者今晚我陷入爱恋

I kissed a girl and I liked it

我吻了一个女孩 我喜欢

I liked it

我喜欢

Us girls we are so magical

我们这群女孩儿如此美妙

Soft skin, red lips, so kissable

柔软的皮肤，红色的嘴唇，诱人亲吻

Hard to resist so touchable

很难去拒绝如此可触的

Too good to deny it

太美好以致於难以抗拒

Ain't no big deal, it's innocent

没甚麼大不了 只是无知

I kissed a girl and I liked it

我吻了一个女孩 我喜欢

The taste of her cherry chapstick

她那樱桃味的唇膏

I kissed a girl just to try it

我吻了一个女孩 只是想试下

I hope my boyfriend don't mind it

我希望我男朋友不介意

It felt so wrong

感觉如此糟糕

It felt so right

感觉如此美妙

Don't mean I'm in love tonight

并不意味者今晚我陷入爱恋

I kissed a girl and I liked it

我吻了一个女孩 我喜欢

I liked it

我喜欢

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Waking Up in Vegas

You gotta help me out

你必须帮我

It's all a blur last night

昨晚一团糟

We need a taxi 'cause you're hung-over and I'm broke

我们需要一辆出租车，你醉了，我身无分文

I lost my fake I'd but you lost the motel key

我丢了假的身份证 而你的摩托车钥匙不见了

Spare me your freakin' dirty looks

我懒得看你这幅样子

Now don't play me

现在别骗我

You want to cash out and get the hell out of town

你想去提点现金然后离开这个该死的小镇

CHORUS:

Don't be a baby

别像小孩子一样

Remember what you told me

记住你跟我说的话

Shut up and put your money where your mouth is

闭嘴，把钱放到你的嘴巴里

That's what you get for waking up in Vegas

这些钱都是你在VEGAS醒来得到的

Get up and shake the glitter off your clothes, now

起床吧，把衣服上的亮片抖掉

That's what you get for waking up in Vegas

这些是你在VEGAS醒来时候得到的

Why are these lights so bright

为什么这些灯那么亮

Oh, did we get hitched last night, dressed up like Elvis,

我们昨晚结婚了吗？穿得像Elvis一样

And why, why am I wearing your class ring

为什么？？我怎么戴着你的班级环？

Don't call your mother

别喊妈妈

'Cause now we're partners in crime

现在我们是同伙

CHORUS:

Don't be a baby

Remember what you told me

Shut up and put your money where your mouth is

That's what you get for waking up in Vegas

Get up and shake the glitter off your clothes, now

That's what you get for waking up in Vegas

You got me into this

是你把我拖下水的

Information overload, situation lost control

信息超负荷了，现实失控了

Send out an SOS

发出SOS求救信号

And get some cash out

取点钱

We're gonna tear up the town

我们要离开这个小镇

Don't be a baby

Remember what you told me (x3)

Told me, you told me, you told me

Shut up and put your money where your mouth is

That's what you get for waking up in Vegas

Get up and shake the glitter off your clothes, now

That's what you get for waking up in Vegas

Shake the glitter, shake, shake, shake the glitter, c'mon!

Give me some cash out baby

Give me some cash out, honey

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

ur so gay

i hope you hang yourself with your h&m scarf

我希望你用H&M的围巾把自己吊起来

while jacking off listening to mozart

当你边听莫扎特，边打手枪时

you bitch and moan about la

你和你的吟(*)叫(不知道)

wishing you were in the rain reading hemingway

但愿你在雨中读者海明威

you don't eat meat

你不吃肉

and drive electrical cars

还开着电力发动的车

you're so indie rock it's almost an art

你如此着迷于独立摇滚，视它为一种艺术

you need spf 45 just to stay alive

你需要SPF45的防晒霜才能生活

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like boys

你一点都不像男人

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

you're so sad maybe you should buy a happy meal

你是如此伤心也许你真的该买开心乐园餐

you're so skinny you should really super size the deal

你是如此瘦弱也许你真的该买超大号套餐

secretly you're so amused

你偷偷地笑得这么开心

that nobody understands you

以至于没有人能理解你

i'm so mean cause i cannot get you outta your head

我很贱因为我不能忘记你

i'm so angry cause you rather myspace instead

我很生气因为你太以自我为中心

i can't believe i fell in love

我不敢相信我爱上了

with some one that wears more makeup than

爱上了某个化妆至上的人

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like boys

你一点都不像男人

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

doo doo doo da day

（无意义）

la la la

（无意义）

you're so gay

你太Gay了

you're so gay

你太Gay了

you walk around like you're oh so debonair

你走路时是这么温文尔雅

you pull em down and

你赚了钱

there's really nothing there

却什么也没有

i wish you would just be real with me

我希望你能对自己坦诚一些

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like boys

你一点都不像男人

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

oh no no no no no no no

oh，不不不不不不不

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like boys

你一点都不像男人

you're so gay and you don't even like boys

你太Gay了，甚至不像个男人

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like

你一点都不像

no you don't even like penis

你一点都不像有个能干女人的屌

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hot n cold

You change your mind

你改变主意

Like a girl changes clothes

就像女孩子换衣服似的

Yeah you, PMS

没错 你就像得了经前综合症

Like a bitch

像个泼妇

I would know

我早该知道

And you over think

你想得太多

Always speak

说话总是

Cryptically

神秘兮兮地

I should know

我应该知道

That you're no good for me

和你在一起没什么好处

Cause you're hot then you're cold

因为你时而热情时而冷淡

You're yes then you're no

反反复复/(摇摆不定)

You're in then you're out

进进出出

You're up then you're down

心情时好时坏（喜怒无常）

You're wrong when it's right

是非颠倒

It's black and it's white

黑白不分

We fight, we break up

我们吵架 分手

We kiss, we make up

我们拥吻 和好

You, You don't really want to stay, no

你不是真想呆在这儿

you, but You, but you don't really want to go oh

但也不是真想离开

You're hot then you're cold

你忽冷忽热

You're yes then you're no

反反复复

You're in then you're out

进进出出

You're up and you're down

心情时好时坏

We used to be

我们以前

Just like twins

就像双胞胎一样

So in sync

举手投足很合拍（行动一致）

The same energy

一样的有能量活力四射

Now's a dead battery

现在就像个烂电池 完全不通电

Used to laugh ‘bout nothing

以前常常乐呵呵的

Now you’re plain boring

现在的你很闷很无趣

I should know that

我该知道

you're not gonna change

你不会有任何改变

Cause you're hot then you're cold

因为你时冷时热

You're yes then you're no

总是反反复复的

You're in then you're out

进进出出

You're up then you're down

心情时好时坏

You're wrong when it's right

是非颠倒

It's black and it's white

黑白不分

We fight, we break up

我们吵架 分手

We kiss, we make up

我们拥吻 和好

You, You don't really want to stay, no

你不是真想呆在这儿

you, but You, but you don't really want to go oh

但也不是真想离开

You're hot then you're cold

你忽冷忽热

You're yes then you're no

反反复复的

You're in then you're out

进进出出

You're up and you're down

心情时好时坏

Someone call the doctor

快请医生来救救我

Got a case of a love bipolar

我处在又爱又恨的爱情之中

Stuck on a roller coaster

就像被困在了过山车上

Can't get off this ride

下不来了

You change your mind

你不停改变主意

Like a girl changes clothes

就像女孩子换衣服似的

Cause you're hot then you're cold

因为你时冷时热

You're yes then you're no

总是反反复复的

You're in then you're out

进进出出

You're up then you're down

心情时好时坏

You're wrong when it's right

是非颠倒

It's black and it's white

黑白不分

We fight, we break up

我们吵架 分手

We kiss, we make up

我们拥吻 和好

you're hot then you're cold

因为你时冷时热

You're yes then you're no

总是反反复复的

You're in then you're out

进进出出

You're up then you're down

心情时好时坏

You're wrong when it's right

是非颠倒

It's black and it's white

黑白不分

We fight, we break up

我们吵架 分手

We kiss, we make up

我们拥吻 和好

You, You don't really want to stay, no

你不是真想呆在这儿

you, but You, but you don't really want to go

但也不是真想离开

You're hot then you're cold

你忽冷忽热

You're yes then you're no

反反复复

You're in then you're out

进进出出

You're up and you're down

心情时好时坏