谁能帮我列一张英语语法表出来?

A篇时态档案

1一般现在时

[概念解说]

一般现在时表示现在的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。其谓语动词第三人称单数要在词尾加"-s或-es"，其余用原形。与它形影不离、亲密无间的频度副词和时间状语有often, always，sometimes, usually, every day等。

[用法点击]

1)表示现在存在的习惯、经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如：

Lucy works very hard

2)表示客观真理或事实。如：

The earth moves around the sun

3)表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。这时的谓语动词一般是一些表示位置转移或有开始意义的词。例如：

The meeting starts at seven tomorrow

4)在here, there开头的句子中，常用一般现在时取代现在进行时。如：

There goes the bell!

2现在进行时

[概念解说]

表示现在正在进行的动作。其构成形式是：am / is / are + doing

[用法点击]

1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：

What is he doing in the next room at the moment

2)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：

Mr Green is writing a book these days

3)表示按计划即将发生的事情，常与go, come, leave等词连用。如：

The train is leaving for Beijing soon

4)现在进行时与always连用，还可表示赞叹、厌烦、表扬、批评等不同情感。如：

Joy is always helping others (表扬)

3一般过去时

[概念解说]

表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，讲述过去的事实。与一般过去时不见不散的"close friends"有yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year / month / night / week, just now, two days ago, then, in 1999 / 1988等。

[用法点击]

1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。如：

John had a birthday party last Monday

2)表示过去连续发生的一连串动作。如：

Mother went to a bookshop and bought an English dictionary for me this morning

3)表示过去某一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作。如：

When I was young, I always played football after school

4一般将来时

[概念解说]

一般将来时表示在将来某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与表示将来的时间状语如soon, tomorrow, next week, in a few days, the day after tomorrow等合作。

[用法点击]

1)表示将来的动作或状态。如：

I will make a toy ship for my brother tomorrow

2)表达说话人的某一种意愿,多用will一词。如：

Tom isn't a good boy and I will not help him

[相关链接]

一般将来时除了借助于助动词will和shall之外，还有其它一些表达方式：

1) be going to表示根据现有的各种因素，推断将要发生的事情,或按计划安排、主观打算将要做的事。如：

What are you going to do the day after tomorrow

2)用be to +动词原形，表示"就要……"，指计划要做的事情。如：

We are to climb that hill this afternoon

3)用be about to +动词原形,表示即将发生的动作。如：

I was about to go to bed when he called me up

B篇句型变脸

各种时态的句式结构虽然比较复杂，但把其肯定句变为否定句或一般疑问句的规律是相似的，即：肯定句中若有系动词be、情态动词(have to除外)或其它助动词(will, shall)时，只要把这些词调整到句子开头即可变为一般疑问句，此为"调整法"；变否定句则在它们后加not即可。

如果肯定句中没有上述这些词汇，在把它变为一般疑问句或否定句时则需要添加不同的助动词：一般现在时在句首加do/ does构成一般疑问句，一般过去时在句首加did构成一般疑问句(注意助动词后的谓语动词要改用原形)；变为否定句时,同样的道理，谓语动词前除加not外，还得另加do/does和did，此为"添词法"。

C篇升级演练

下面每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。

1) Do your father often cook on Sunday( )

2) They didn't went to school last Friday( )

3) He always think of others( )

4) Look! The students swimming in the river( )

5) I was visited the Great Wall yesterday( )

参考答案：1)把Do改为Does 2)把went改为go 3)把think改为thinks 4)在swimming前加are 5)将was去掉。

1、介词的分类与语法功能

（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：

①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast

②He quarrelled with her yesterday

③He succeeded in passing the final exam

④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time

⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well

（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：

①This machine is in good condition(表语)

②Where is the key to my bike(定语)

③Nothing in the world could live without air or water(状语)

④She always thinks herself above others（宾补）

2、介词搭配

（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

①rob sb of sth / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)

②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）

③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）

④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb’s + 部位，可换用）

strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)

catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)

hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）

⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb from doing sth(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)

⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb into doing sth（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）

⑦buy sb for sth(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)

⑧tell sthto sb(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)

⑨give sth to sb（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）

注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sbsth双宾结构。

⑩say to sb(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sbsth。

同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。

同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。

reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask … for … 寻找，use … for用作，leave for前往，take … for误以为，call of倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare … to把……比作，send for派人去请（拿）……，sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好……。

（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。

worthy of值得的，glad about sth for sb为某人某事高兴，far from离……远，grateful for sth to sb为某事感激某人，free from没有……（免除……），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth(in doing sth)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病……

（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析

（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，

如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：

①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。

②in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在……以后”。

③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：

（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。

(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six

at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)

at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。

注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：

next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years

one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day

one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before

（4）till、until、to的用法。

①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：

He waited for me till twelve o’clock

He didn’t get up till(until) 10 am(不可用to)

但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：

Not until 9 amdid MrSmith come back to school

②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意

义。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（从……到……为止），但from morning till night（从早到晚），不能用to。from … to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时，有时)，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去)，from place to place（处处，到处），from side to side(左右摇摆)，from door to door（家家户户），from house to house（挨家挨户），from shop to shop（一个商店接一个商店）。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾，自始至终)（from the beginning to the end of…）;from hand to mouth(仅能糊口)，from bad to worse(越来越糟)，from head to foot(从头到脚),

from top to bottom（整个地，彻底地），from top to toe(全身)，from start to finish（自始至终，从头到尾）。（C）from one + 名词 + to another表示“依次”。如from one car to another（顺着车厢依次地）。（D）名词 + by + 同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与from … to短语区别开：one by one 一个一个地；little by little(bit)一点一点地；step by step 一步一步地，逐渐地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentence by sentence逐句地；day by day一天一天地；side by side(with…)(和……)并肩，一起；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；hand in hand 手拉手，紧紧地;face to face面对面。

（5）in、after、later

①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。

②一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。

③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。

The doctor will be with us in six minutes

She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory

He received her letter after four weeks

另外，in + 一段时间 + ’s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下：

in a week’s time = in a week

They will arrive in three days’ time(与将来时连用)

My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time（作表语）

I’ll finish the book within two weeks(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内)

（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。

①at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在……的平面上。如at the door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。

②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如：

Japan lies to the east of China(范围之外)

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China（范围之外）

Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province(毗邻)

The island lies off the coast of China(相隔一定距离)

③地点介词的引申、比喻意义：in the sun在阳光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在严寒天气中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble摆脱困难，beyond hope绝望。

④across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如：

They walked across the playground

I walked through the forest

⑤over / under / above / below。

over、above译作“在……之上”；under、below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：

A little boat is now under the bridge

There is a bridge over the river

The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)

The window is well above the tree

⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性

across the fields 跨过田野……， over the desert跨越沙漠

across the river横跨这条河……， over the hill翻过这座山

be in the house(静态，在这里……) stay out of the car(静态，在……外)

go into the house(动态，进入) fly out of the country(动态，离开)

（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词

①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour)(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。

②表泛指的方式、手段

by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sthby heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop

③交通工具类

by bus/train/car/taxi(road)

by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot

by plane/jet/spaceship,by air

by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water

另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb/with sb’s help (permis-sion)。

④表方式、手段的其他用法

He beat the dog with a whip(with+工具机器)

One smells with his nose(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)

He stood up with pride(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sbby surprise(出其不意)

（8）表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。

①besides 除……以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。

Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw除了肖外，我们都去了**院。

It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired

②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。

We all went except John我们都去了，约翰没有。

在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：

He has no other hats except / besides this one

③except for除了……（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that + 句子意思相同。

He was very clever except for carelessness

④except that … 除了……一点以外。

He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses

⑤but与except

but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：

①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。

All but one are here

Nobody but I likes making model ships

②后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。

He has nothing to do but wait（前有do,后省to）

③but与一些固定结构连用。

have no choice but to do sth只得做某事，can not but do sth不得不,can not help but do sth不得不……，but for … 如不是……

（9）between与among

between通常指两者之间。也可以用于三者以上的两者之间。如：

Ann is between Tom and Bill

Switzer land lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy

They soon finished the work between themselves(共同，合作)

She was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the baby(表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那)

A horse can be seen between trees now

among表示三者以上之间。如：

The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills

He was happy to be among friends again

We must agree among ourselves(一起，共同)我们必须达成共识。

London is among the largest cities( = one of与最高级连用)

（10）表原因的介词for、because of、due to。

He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness

The reason for his coming late is that he was ill

He was praised for his bravery and courage

The accident is due to your careless driving

(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。

这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for 或of加上人或事，作动词不定式逻辑主语的结构。

①It is clever of you to answer it like that

②It is quite hard for me to explain why

注意：两句中的of和for的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of,如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。

（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。

①after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。

The children went home at once after school

They went to bed after they had finished the job

②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。

He ran down the hill（介词）

Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me (副词)

③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。

All the students got to school before me(before为介词)

We do want to buy something now before prices go up(连词)

Haven’t I seen you before(before为副词)

（13）介词的省略。

①表示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等词之前，可以省略，也可以不省略。如（at）last weekend、（on）that day等。

②介词for表示时间的省略要求。（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all he morning（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiting hereI (for) more than three hours（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I haven’t seen you for thirty years(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept reading

③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。

Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job

She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it

（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

①要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。

②要求接in 的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。

He is expert in teaching small children

(15)几个常用的并列连词。

①both … and, either … or, neither … nor

both … and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either … or与neither … nor注意采取“就近原则”。

②not only … but also, as well as

注意：两者强调对象不同，not only … but also强调的是but also之后部分，而as well as则强调其前面的部分。not only … but also采取“就近原则”，而as well as只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：

MrSmith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit

not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。

Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working

（16）几个常用的从属连词。

①when、while、as都表示“当……时候”，when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：

When I go to the station, the train had already left

He sang merrily as he was working

②till、until均表示“到……时候止”，肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如：I worked till late at night若主句谓语是终止性动词，则主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到……才……”开始发生。如：

She didn’t get up until her mother came in

注意：till和until通常情况下可以互换，只是在句首时until比till更常用。

③though、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……”，although较正式，though最常用。如：

Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working

注意：though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用，但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用，如even though、as though,而although则不能这样搭配。

④no sooner … than、hardly … when、as soon as三者都表示“一……就”，“刚刚……就”的意思。（A）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：As soon as she gets here I’ll tell her about

it Mary left as soon as the finished the work(B)hardly … when、no sooner … than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若将hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒装。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again

⑤某些表示时间的名词（词组）也可用作从属连词。它们是：the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first(second, third …)time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter),every(each,next,

any) time(day),by the time,都可引导时间状语从句。如：

His mother died the spring he returned

Call me up the minute he arrives

选择填空

1 The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time(NMET 2001)

Afrom Bin Cof Dat

解析：答案为C。本题考查句子结构中介词of的有法。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本句型为“there is little of …”,表示“……有很少”，what 修饰little提到了从句句首。注意正确把握句子结构和介词用法，要明白of my spare time和in my spare time的区别。

2 ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year(NMET 2000)

AAs BFor CWith DThrough

解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词 + 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复合结构作伴随状语。

3 The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ___________they will save us money in the long run（2000春季高考题）

Aor Bsince Cfor Dbut

解析：答案为D。本题考查并列连词or、for、but和从属连词的意义和用法。并列连词or通常表示选择关系；for表示因果关系；but表示转折关系；从属连词since表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系。

4 After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________

Aon Bup Cabove Dby

解析：答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：

（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词 + 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。

He is the man I just spoke to

(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。

I can’t imagine what it is like

(3) 强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。

It was the poor boy that we gave the books to

What for Where to Who with

(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。

a room to live in, a bench to sit on

There is nothing to worry about

She is a good girl to work with

(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。

①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。

②The river is good to swim in

The box is too heavy to carry

③be worth doing sth,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/ require / need doing

Few creations of big technology capture the imagination极少数的大技术创作能捕捉到想象力Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating或许是因为长久以来人类遭受洪水和干旱致使利用水利去达到我们想象的目的变得那么遥不可及。 But to be fascinated is also,sometimes, to be blind 但是有时心驰神往蒙蔽人们双眼Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good有些宏伟大坝建设得弊大于利

The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful 从中我们吸取到得教训是大不一定就美It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves 修建一个宏伟的大坝来象征国家的成就及民族的信心毫无意义Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam 埃及在阿拉伯国家中的统治地位是通过阿斯旺大坝的建立来彰显的Turkey's bid for First World status includes the Ataturk Dam土耳其进驻世界第一流国家的筹码包括埃塔图尔克大坝的建立。

But big dams tend not to work as intended但是这些大坝的功用并未按照意愿体现 The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left---all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity就拿阿斯旺大坝来说，它并未阻止尼罗河的大水却在大水过后卷走了肥沃的盐分导致一个高盐分的疾病储藏库，周围寸草不生。

And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists然而控制河水仍是一个谜团 This weel, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube在高度文明的欧洲中部，这样的实例还发生在斯洛伐克和匈牙利之间。为争夺多瑙河上的大坝因其无力送资而告终。 The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems og big dams 这些所有的情结大概都和大坝有关。But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself但是斯洛伐克旨在于从捷克独立，现在需要有一个可以证明其实力的大坝

Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam 然而，在印度世界银行却给了一个错误引导修建的那曼达大坝一个通行令。And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction并且在不顾顾问们指出大坝会导致断电和环境污染的情况下，银行下此决定 。The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed好处当然是彰显实力但是它们毫无保障

Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts 正确的和科学的对大坝受力和对工程的预算及控制水势的研究有利于解决争端。Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams 在不修建宏伟大坝的情况下也可以利用水势发电，防洪和灌溉。

But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific但是当你在面对这些疑团时，很难保持一个正确科学的态度。 It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan 世界人民都应向阿斯旺大坝事件中吸取教训You don't need a dam to be saved 并不需要大坝才可以得以幸存。

每一首歌都像一只纸船,承载着一个动人心弦的故事不同的音乐,不同的风格,演绎着不一样的感受,带你飞越音乐地带,去解读每一首歌曲背后的故事和意义大家好,欢迎收听英文世界,这里是主持人xxx

Every song is like a paper, carrying a touching story Different music, different style, deduce the different feeling, take you over music zone, to interpret each song the story behind and significance Everybody is good, welcome to English world, here is the host XXX

音乐像小河里的潺潺流水,有着清晨露珠的清澈,有着夜色般的朦胧,听着它就会让你进入心境如梦的境界

Music like a river in the purl, with the clear dewdrop early in the morning, with the night of hazy, listening to it will let you into the state of mind like a dream

岁月的积淀,心灵的交织,将带给你不一样的惊喜和感动今天的节目就要和大家说再见了,我是你们的主持人xxx

Years of accumulation, the heart of the mixed, will bring you different surprise and moving Today's program will and everyone to say goodbye, I'm your host XXX