如何在阅读时形成画面感——2019年北京中考完型分析

如何在阅读时形成画面感——2019年北京中考完型分析,第1张

完形填空这一题型对于很多学生来说是一个难点,尤其是对于基础比较薄弱的学生来说更是无从入手。在给学生讲解完形时,发现很多学生不能深入理解文章所表达的深层意思,只是停留在单词表面,脑海中没有整个故事情节的脉络,读的时候非常迷茫,抓不住作者想要表达什么,这样做完形肯定会失分很多。鉴于这一情况,笔者在细读了大量的完形篇章之后,发现了一些共同的特点,依据这些特点,总结了一些做题方法和规律。下面逐一和大家分享探讨。

一、近年北京中考完形特点

1、文章体裁与题材:近几年北京完形均为记叙文,讲述一个有意义的小故事。内容通常贴近日常生活,关注内心情感与想法等细节。而且在整个故事的描述中,往往会有作者情感态度的变化。

2、文章主要人物大约有2-3个,会有心理活动或者人物之间的对话,场景会随着故事情节的推移而不断变化。

3、题目设置大部分关注实词(特别是名动形),更看重语义语用而非语法,一词多义现象越发普遍。

二、解题方法总结

三、2019年北京中考完形填空解题分析

1、整体文章分析:本篇完形叙述了“我”竞选班长的前后经过,从一开始很有信心地认真准备,到出乎意料的落选,以及最后能心态平和地接纳此事。

38 词义辨析:

house vt 保存;储存 carry vt 携带 expect vt 期待 lose vt 遗失

根据上下文,作者想表达“强烈的同情心和慷慨之心____在她年轻的心里”,显然用“储存”最佳。house作名词时,意思是“房屋”,和her young heart连用时,让人想到中文的“心房”,原理就在于此。按照题目要求,需要过去分词形式housed

39 词义辨析:

express vt 表达 make vt 作出 offer vt 提供 send vt 送给

根据上下文,“她得到 Make-a-Wish Foundation_____的一个许愿的机会”。这里填“提供”最合适。

43 词义辨析:

suggest vt 建议 arrange vt 安排 ask vt 问;请求 order vt 命令

根据上下文,“她大方地把愿望用于____那些孩子的愿望得以实现”,显然“请求”最合适。简单地说,她得到一次许愿的机会,然后她许下的愿望是“那些孩子也能梦想成真”。

44 她希望她的愿望在2011年1月16日之前得以实现,需要介词by(在……之前;不迟于)。

45 final 最后的 formal 正式的 noble 高尚的 simple 简单的

她的那个请求(或愿望)不简单,没有最先最后之分,也没有正式非正式之分,倒是很高尚的。

49 committee 委员会 corporation 公司 individual 个人 organization 机构

这一句话先提到“个人”,这一段话的最后一句才提到committee, school, corporation, organization 等组织机构。caring individuals 关心的人,爱心人士

50 实现了那些孩子的愿望,也就实现了她的愿望,因为她的愿望就是“让那些孩子梦想成真”。“她的愿望”就是hers。

54 这一句要表达“不单从物质上,还从精神上和情感上帮助别人”,“物质上”就是physically。

估计很多人在过春节,没空上网答题,楼主耐心等待就好了,没有必要重复提问

2009年北京市中考英语试卷分析

一、体裁:09年北京中考英语试卷完形填空题从体裁上讲是一篇典型的记人的记叙文。

二、内容:全文讲述了一位善良而思想开明的姨妈在作者(一个单亲孩子)的成长中扮演着非常重要的角色及对其人生的影响。

三、考查内容:

词性

数量

题号

代词

2

35,37

名词

3

36,46

形容词副词

2

38,39

动词及短语

4

40,41,42,43,45

连词

1

44

可以看出,与往年一样,完形填空重在考查实词(名词、代词、动词和形容词、副词)的应用。其中,动词仍然是考查热点,占近一半的比重。

四、考查角度

考察题型

数目

题号

语境推断

5

35,36,37,38,39

词汇和短语

5

40,41,42,43,45

语法

1

45

主旨照应

1

46

重在从语境的角度对词汇进行考查。其中,语境中的推断、对词汇的准确把握仍是考查的焦点。这就要求同学们在完形填空的解题中,应注意:

1. 对文章交待的背景,特别是“首段”和“段首”交待的信息做出迅速的反映,并能准确领会文章叙述中作者流露出的情感,同时能清晰的把握文章的情节及层次,以便将语境信息融会贯通,从而做出正确的选择。

2. 学习过程中,对词汇的含义做到准确的理解,并能在具体语境中,从逻辑及用法上做出最精准的判断。比如,某词汇应用时,需要相匹配的语境是解释关系的,在因果关系的语境中,该词就不能使用。本篇完形中,第41题不能用show,而选mean即是此原因。

3. 完形填空题中对语法的考查多表现在“句法”上,通常为判断句子关系(如转折,条件,让步,因为,并列等),选择正确的连词。

4. 解决这类题的关键在于从整体考虑,把握文章主旨,找到“点睛”之词或句。

五、全文解析

My father died when I was a few months old After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville, Kentucky, where 35 had grown up We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother This was a time when being a single 36 was still considered unusual

该段旨在交待故事背景:父亲去世,单亲妈妈带作者回到自己的家乡。

35题选B。一方面,与上半句主语保持逻辑上的一致,另一方面,从上下文My father died when I was a few months old…(说明当时作者还小)… Kentucky, where 35 had grown up(使用过去完成时,更突出了是母亲长大的地方) We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother(信息上进一步补充论证)

36题选C。My father died when I was a few months old段首这句话明确了下文必定是“单亲妈妈”这一信息。且第二段中说“The Happy Family……Dad worked……Mom cooked…”为typical (典型的) of the time,与本段中的unusual形成鲜明对比,更加强化了这一事实,故本题应选single parent。

When I was small, there was a children’s book called The Happy Family, and it was a real piece of work Dad worked all day long at the office, Mom cooked in the kitchen, and brother and sister always had friends sleeping over The image of the family in this book was typical (典型的) of the time It looked 37 like my family, but luckily that wasn’t the way I heard it The way my Aunt Marion read it to me made the story really 38

37题选A。为上下段信息综合处理题。第二段开头第一句提到The Happy Family……typical (典型的) of the time与第一段中描述到“My father died when ……was still considered unusual”形成对比,可见应选nothing like(一点儿不像)。同时本题也有对词汇nothing like意义的考查。

38题选D。该题前一句中的luckily一词决定了这句的情感信息词为积极词汇。所以选funny。

必杀技一:准确判断情感倾向,并捕捉到对应信息词,可大大提高我们的做题准确率。注意:这类题考查频率越来越高。

Kind-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me, who took me horseback riding, who took me to the father-son dinners and who gave me lessons on how to drive Believing that anything 39 was probably good for me, she 40 to get a loan (贷款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer, which was my most important experience

39题选D。该题是一道信息综合推断题,考查难度较高,要求学生综合大量的事实细节(my aunt……played baseball with me…… took me horseback riding…… to the father-son dinners……gave me lessons on how to drive),提炼出一个核心描述词“unusual”。与此同时,39所在的句子为定义型句子,下一句必为对该句的支持论证。而“get a loan (贷款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer”这一信息我们只能用unusual去描述。

必杀技二:准确理解句子间的逻辑关系(解释、对比、论证、总分关系等),可对选项做出更加合理的判断。

40题选C。该段第一句话明确交待了my aunt是一个Kind-hearted and open-minded的人,句中提到“believing that…”,可知my aunt为了我的成长,定会主动地“offer to get a loan”。而decide一词是无法体现主语的主动性的。其它选项prepare(准备)和afford(支付得起)更是不符合语境。

As a young girl, Aunt Marion always planned to have a large number of children of her own, but she never got married This 41 that she was free to spend all her time taking care of me Many people say we have a lot in common She always 42 me to do my best She never 43 to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I wanted, if I only tried hard enough

41题选B。该题考查词汇与语境匹配问题。上文的she never got married与下文she was free to spend all her time taking care of me形成因果关系,故选mean(导致,意味着)。而show相匹配的语境应为解释关系,在该题中不能使用。

必杀技三:在解题中准备把握词汇与语境的匹配也是一项重要的技能。

42题选B。43题选D。这两道题相互照应,运用必杀技一和二,即可有效解决。通过“I could do anything… if I only tried hard enough”即可推断42为expected。进而可知43所在的句子为积极信息(make me believe),而空格前的never为否定词,可知该空应选有否定意义的词,能过双重否定表达肯定。而stop to do表肯定(stop doing才表否定),never stop to do则为否定。故不选。此外,该题也是运用了never fail to do这样一个重点句型,这也要求同学们在学习过程中要注意短语和句型的积累。

For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still doesn’t think of herself 44 she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesn’t think that her efforts have made much 45 I honored my aunt, who taught me the things my 46 couldn’t So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card

44题选A。该题考查句子间的逻辑关系(条件关系)。根据本段第一句话,“For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still doesn’t think of herself”这一信息,可知“除非她被迫站到前面,否则她就站在后面。”

45题选A。考查固定短语。make much difference(起很大作用),make much progress (取得很大进步),make much trouble(惹了很多麻烦),make much sense(有很大意义)。本文的主旨为讲述了姨妈在作者(一个单亲孩子)的成长中扮演着非常重要的角色及对其人生的影响,所以对应的短语应为make much difference。

46题选C。根据本文主旨及最后一句话的提示“ I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card”可知答案选C。

六、重点词汇

1.nothing but/ anything but

nothing like/(not) anything like

nothing much

have nothing to do with…

for nothing

2 offer

3 make a/the/any/much difference

make no/any/little/much sense

make much trouble

make much/ great /rapid progress

4 (never) fail to do…

高考英语完型填空题型分析

完形填空一直是广大高中生公认的难点,本文希望根据一篇高考真题(06年四川卷),就完形填空的常见题型做一点探讨。

纵观90年代到2000年后的高考题,完形的命题有个很明显的变化趋势——淡化语法,着重篇章语境的理解和上下文逻辑的推理。

一,单纯考察语法的题目只有两道且难度较低:45题,All ___ them the rain was pouring down… 表达“人置身于大雨中”用介词around;48题,… he found ___ at the ranch gate Raul发现自己已回到家门口,用反身代词himself。

二,换句话说,剩下大部分题目都要求对篇章语境的理解。在这里,我把这类“语境题”分为三个层次:

1,上下文直接提示,这是最简单的。

例如42题,There stood a tall, white ___ An old man stared down at him from its back 这里说明这个“又白又高”的是老人的坐骑,那么到底是骑的什么呢?后面的Raul followed on his horse彻底给出了答案。

2,上下文给出暗示,须要我们抓住线索再稍作推理。

还是以42题这两句为例,老人是骑在tall马上面的,盯着Raul看也是stare down的,Raul又是个小孩儿,推出:他看老人应该是昂着头的了。所以41题,He ___ 选A, looked up。

3,完全地语境考察。就是说,单看文章某一处无法得出结论,要结合多句话甚至全篇才能确定某事物的印象、性质、情感色彩等,这是“语境题”最难的一种。

纵观全文,尽管老头的出场很生猛,但随着情节的发展,我们发现他并没做什么邪恶可怕的事情,不仅把Raul送回了家,还在临别时微笑着挥手致意,这些点滴帮助我们拼凑出一个和蔼可亲的老人形象,给人以好的正向的感觉。那么43题,the old man answered ___ 老人是以怎样的态度回答Raul的呢?B, C选项的angrily和coldly(冷淡地)两个负向的不好的副词,明显与老人的形象冲突,排除。A选项的lazily更是没有任何根据,排除。而老人家说话做事都慢一点倒是讲得通,故选择D选项的slowly。

三,完形还有一大类的题型就是词义辨析。这类题的特点是:

1,四个选项填在原文空处,语法上都合情合理,只有根据语境来取舍。

例如51题,Raul’s father ran out across the yard to ___ him “we have been worried about you Are you okay … ”这道题错误率极高,许多同学都被父亲“are you okay”这一问误导,选了D选项的ask。其实大家静下来仔细一想,都不难能体会:平常亲朋好友相聚重逢,总免不了嘘寒问暖,但整个过程根本的核心是“逢(meet)”这个本质目的,而不是“问(ask)”这个表面形式。外面天气恶劣,儿子没按时回家,做父亲的心急如焚,突然看见孩子出现在大门口,赶紧冲出去,一路小跑,穿过整个院子,这一系列动作的最终目的仅仅是为了问上这么一句吗?不是。而是为了和儿子见面重逢啊!(大家也可以试想如果父亲是个哑巴,他这时就不冲出去了吗?:)所以选择B选项的meet。

2,在正确理解上下文后,还剩下不止一个词貌似符合此处语境,要求我们能品味出词与词之间的细微差别,选出的一个。

这类题型难度较高,原因一:完全依靠自身的英文素养(内功),临场做题时,知道就是知道,不知道就是不知道,无太多技巧可言。原因二:多年学习过程中,中学教材单词表和电子词典的简单中文释义,让同学们“知道”了许多单词,“吃透”的却很少。一个“打击、打中”可以想到defeat, catch, damage, strike… 一串单词,确不知道其中区别。这次的55题,考察的就是Gray老头曾被雷劈过,这个“劈”用哪个动词最合适。

A, defeated这个“打”主要的意思是“击败”,潜台词有过一场较量,而人是不可能跟雷电交上手的。B, caught (catch)有“抓住、击中”的意思,细细体会,它有“经过追逐,终于catch”的意味。选catch就成了:雷一直追着老头劈,直至劈中,这个闪电也太执著了吧?!C, damaged的意思偏向于“损害”,尤其是对物和财产造成的损失,不合适。D, struck (strike)的意思是“打击”,有非常迅速的意味,刚好与闪电的特点相符,故选D

一,动词

1“看”:look;see;watch;observe;notice;catchsightof;stare;glare;glance;glimpse;seeafilm;watchTV

2“说”:telllsthtosb=tellsbsth;talkwithsbaboutsth;saysth;speakinEnglish;whispersthtosb;informsbofsth;reason/talk/persuadesbintodoingsth;bargain;chat;repeat;explain;warn;remind;discuss;debate;figure;declare;claim;mention;admit;deny;describe;announce;introduce;complain

3“叫”:cry;call;shout;scream;moan;sigh;quarrel

4“问”:ask;interview;express;question

5“答”:answer;respond;reply

6“听”:listento;hear;pickup;overhear

7“笑”:smile;laugh;burstintolaughter;burstoutlaughing

8“哭”:cry;shedtears;weep;sob;burstintotears/burstoutcrying

9“吃/喝”:eat/drink;sip;haveameal;havesupper;toast;taste;treatsbto;helponeselfto

10“穿”:puton;wear;haveon;bedressedin;makeup;getchanged;beinred;takeoff;remove

11“行”:walk;run;climb;jump;skip;slip;come/go;enter;move;drive;ride;fly;crawl

12“坐”:sitdown;beseated;seatoneself;takeaseat,stand;lean

13“睡/休息”:lie/onone’sback/onone'sside/onone’sstomach;stayinbed;havearest;takeanap;beasleep;bend;turnover;rest

14“写”:dictate;writesth;describe;dropaline;draw;takedown/writedown

15“拿/放”:take;bring;hold;carry;fetch;lif;put;lay;pull;push

16“抓”:takeholdof;seize;grasp;scratch

17“打”:hit;beat;strike;blow;attack

18“扔”:throw;drop;fall;wave;shake

19“送”:send;deliver;give;offer;seeoff

20“摸/抱”:ouch;fold;embrace;hug;hold;inone’sarms

21“踢/碰”:kick;knock;tip

22“找/查”:find;lookfor;findout;discover/explore;huntfor;searchfor;seek,seekforinsearchof;searchsb;searchspforsth;check;examine;test;inspect

23“得”:get;obtain;acquire;gain;possess

24“失”:lose;belost/bemissing/gone;greatloss

25“有”:have;own;conquer;occupy;possess

26“无”:nothingleft;theremainingthing;disappear;bemissing/gone

27“增/减”:rise/goup,drop;raise;bringdown/reduce;increase/decrease

28“买/卖”:buy;purchase;afford;pay;payoff;payfor;sell;onsale;bargain;bill/cheque/cash/creditcard/notes/coins;discounts

29“存在/消失”:comeintobeing;exist;appear;survive;live;show;turnup;disappear;die;dieout;passaway;beoutofsight

30“变化”:develop;improve;become;grow;go+bad/wrong/sour;turn+colour;change/changeinto;reform

31“成功/失败”:makeit;succeed;makeprogress;cometrue;realizeone’sdream;win;lose;failtodo;defeat;sufferloss;beat;turnsthintoreality

32“努力”:try/manage;makeefforts;attempt;doone'sbest;doasmuchasonecantodo

33祝贺:congratulatesbonsth;celebrate;observe;gettogether

34敬佩:admire;respect;showrespectfor/to;adore;envy;bejealousy

35赞美/批评:praise;thinkhighlyof;blamesbforsth;sbistoblame;criticize/scoldsbforsth;havealowopinionofsb;speakillof

36喜/恶:like;love;befondof;bekeenon;becrazyabout;adore;beinto;prefer;enjoy;dislikehate;ignore

37到达:arriveat;reach;returnto;getto;stayinsp;visit;leave;leavefor

38受伤:hurt;injure;wound;cut;kill;drown;bleed;getburnt;sufferfrom;sufferaloss

39损坏:damage;destroy;ruin;breakdown;crash;bebroken

40修复:repair;rebuild;restore;fix;recoveroneself

41“认识的过程”:feel;sense;guess;suppose;wonder;doubt;know/learnrealizeunderstandremember;befamiliarwith;recall;recite;applyto

42认为;判断:think;believe;consider;find;feel;conclude;infer;doubt

43想/考虑:thinkof…as;thinkabout;consider;thinkover

44支持/反对:agree;disagree;accept;receive;refuse;turndown;beagainst;elect;votefor/against

45花费:sth/doingsth+cost;sb+spend+(in)doingsth;sb+afford+n/todosth;It+takes/tooksometime/money/energytodosth;sbpaysomemoneyforsth

46省/存钱:save/saveup;setaside;putaway

47参加:takepartin;join/joinin;attend;competein/for/against

48控告:accusesbof;chargesbwith

49救治/帮助:help/helpout;save/rescuesbfromsth;treat;curesbofsth;aidsbindoingsth/todosth;helpsbwithsth;assistsbindoingsth

50逃避:runaway;escapefrom;flee;hide

51阻止/禁止:prevent/keep/stopsbfromdoingsth;forbiddoingsth;ban;prohibit

52对付/处理:handle/dowith/dealwith/tackle/overcomesth;solve;settle

53效仿:copy;imitate;learnfrom;learn

54爆发/发生:comeabout;happento;takeplace;breakout;burstout;gooff;explode

55安装/装备:fasten;fix;set;equip;bearmedwith;beequippedwith

56追求:pursuit;ranafter;seekafter;chase;catchupwith;keepupwith

57建议:advise;suggest;recommend;propose;urge;demand;persuade

58打算:plan/intend/designtodo;begoingtodo/beabouttodo/willdo

59似乎/好象:seem;appear;looklike;asif/asthough

60开办/关闭:open;start;setup;close/closeup;end;closedown

二,名词

1假期

vacation,holiday,springbreak,leave,twodaysoff

2旅游

trip,journey,tour,voyage,travel,tourist,passenger

3职务人员

clerk,secretary,passer-byfriend,minister,manager,waitress,guest,host,hostess,assistant,customer,adult,neighbor,relative,patient,vet,staff,crew,nurse,teacher,conductor,tailor,sailor,inventor,gardener,guard

4餐馆/定餐/就餐

inn,restaurant,kitchen,menu,bill,order,tip,forkandknife,reserve/booktable,tastedelicious,salad,vegetables,fruit,tray,napkin

5诊所/看病/服药

clinic,hospital,takeone’stemperature,takemedicine/pills,haveafever/flu/headache,doctor,physician,surgeon,specialist,patient

6车站/机场

airport,onboard,missthetrain/bus,catchatrain,meetsb

7身体部位

arm,head,hair,brain,waist,back,shoulder,pulse,wrist

8意志

will,courage,patience,determination,faith,effort,confidence,ambition,energy

9才能/品质

talent,gift,ability,potential,intelligent,promising,smart,stupid,careful,proud,strict,honest,cold,serious,easy-going,learned,knowledgeable

10优缺点

advantage,disadvantage,strength,weakness,merit,drawback,strongpoint,shortcoming

11目标

aim,goal,intention,purpose,belief,faith

12方式

means,method,way,manner,approach

13身体素质

strong,weak,pale,sick,ill,well,slim,fit,cutweight,putonweight

14图表

photo,picture,graph,drawing,table,line/bargraph,piechart,drawasketch(划草图)

15文章

reading,translation,essay,poem,paper,novel,fictionarticle,magazine,newspaper,journal,diary,files

16课堂

class,course,lecture,example,reason,message,notes,words,phrase,scholarship,degree,subject,question,trouble,difficulty,grades,comment,marks

17学校活动

match,game,activity,holdameeting/debate/speech/ceremony

18建议/观点

advice,suggestion,idea,proposal,view,recommandation

19气候/天气

climate,weather,storm,wind,cloud,rain,snow,hotness,coldness,heat,warmth

20交通

bytrain/bus/boatbike,onthetrain/bus/abike,driveacar,rideabike,givesbalift/ride

21习惯

habit,custom,practice(惯例)

22感觉

sight,hearing,touch,smell,taste,sense

23情感

feeling,emotion,anger,delight,sadness,sorrow

24财富

money,possessions,wealth,belongings,fortunes,treasure,diamond

25运动比赛

playground,trackandfiled,pitch,event,game,match,sports,player,coach,judge,jogging,weightlifting,volleyball,soccer

三,形容词和副词

1immediateadj立即的,立刻的,马上

2clearadj清楚的,清晰的

3cautiousadj小心翼翼的

4vividadj生动的,逼真的

5exactlyadv①确切地,精确地②恰好地,正好地③(用于答语)完全正确。(的确这样)

6fortunatelyadv幸运地

7surprisinglyadv令人惊讶的

8hardlyadv几乎不

9insteadadv代替,相反

10properlyadv适当地;正确地;恰当地

11speciallyadv专门

12reliableadj可靠的,可信赖的

13simplyadv简单地;仅仅,只不过

14namelyadv即,也就是

15notnearly=farfrom=nowherenear远非,远远不,一点也不

16patientadj耐心的;n病人

17plainadj简单的,朴素的

18familiaradj熟悉的

19luckyadj幸运的

20amazingadj令人惊异的

21accidentallyadv①偶然地;意外地②附带地

22silentadj沉默的

23calmadj平静的,冷静的

24secretadj秘密的

25otherwiseadv否则

26meanwhileadv期间,同时

27besidesadv除…以外还有

28efficientadj高效的,有效的

29flexibleadj灵活的

30complexadj复杂的

31smoothadj平稳的,光滑的,顺利的32regularlyadv定期的,有规律的

33sensitiveadj敏感的,体贴的

34honestadj诚实的

35confidentadj自信的

36shyadj害羞的,羞涩的

37thoughtfuladj①深思的,沉思的②富有思想的;经认真推敲的

38lightheartedandoptimisticadj无虑而且非常乐观的

39neverthelessadj然而

40privateadj私人的(privatecars)

41personaladj个人的(personalbelongings)

42uniqueadj的,独一无二的;独特的

43favorableadj赞同的,有利的

44preciousadj宝贵的,珍贵的

45essentialadj必要的,重要的

46worthwhileadj值得的

47physicaladj身体的,物理的

48suddenadj突然的

49merelyadv仅仅,只=only

50rarelyadv罕见的

51splendidlyadj极好地,灿烂地

52increasinglyadv越来越多地

53naturallyadv自然地

54accurateadj精确的,准确的

55ridiculousadj可笑的,荒谬的

56urgentadj紧急的,急迫的

57shallowadj浅的,肤浅的

58frequentlyadv经常地,频繁地

59especiallyadv特别地,尤其地=particularly

60obviouslyadv显而易见=apparently

61necessarilyadv必要地,必须地,必然地

62generallyadv一般地,通常地

63eventuallyadv最终,最后

64adoptableadv可采用的,可收养的

65acceptableadj可以接受的

66availableadj可利用的,可使用的,可得到的

67accessibleadj易接近的,易受影响的,可理解的

68relativelyadv相对地,比较地

69approximatelyadv大约

70absolutelyadv绝对正确地

71punctualadj守时的

72gentleadj温柔的

73neatlyadv整洁地

74entirelyadv完全地

75highlyadv高度地,非常地

76stronglyadv强烈地,坚固地

77extremelyadv极端地,非常

78reasonablyadv合乎情理地

79eagerlyadv热切地;渴望地

80badlyadv很,非常

81slightlyadv稍微,轻微地

82equallyadv平等地

83latelyadv最近

84enthusiasticadj热情的;热烈的;热心的

85energeticadj精力充沛的,有活力的

86talkativeadj①喜欢说话的②多嘴的③健谈的

87impressiveadj影象深刻的

88traditionaladj传统的

89practicaladj实践的,实际的

90similaradj类似的,相似的

91convenientadj方便的,便利的

92soonerorlater迟早,早晚

93moreorless或多或少,差不多,几乎

94onceinawhile偶尔,时不时地

95nowandthen偶尔,有时

96willinglyadv情愿地

97unexpectedlyadv出乎意料地

98unwillinglyadv不情愿地

99unforgettableadj难忘的

100doubtfuladj可疑的;令人生疑的;疑心的;不能确定的

101hardly/scarcelyadv几乎不

102respectableadj值得尊敬的

103respectfuladj恭敬的,有礼貌的

104distinguishedadj的;卓著的;高贵的

105complicatedadj难懂的,复杂的

106awkward/clumsyadj尴尬的,笨拙的

107previousadj以前的

动词类:

1 “看” :look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV;

2 “说” :telll sth to sb=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say

sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason

/talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; cha; repea; explain; warn;

remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny;

describe; announce; introduce; complain

3 “叫” :cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel

4 “问” :ask; interview; express; question

5 “答”:answer; respond; reply

6 “听”:listen to; hear; pick up; overhear

7 “笑”:smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing

8 “哭”:cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying

9 “吃/喝” :eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to

10 “穿” :put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make-up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove

11 “行” :walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl

12 “坐” :sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat/ stand; lean

13 “睡/休息” :lie /on one’s back/on one side/ on one’s stomach; stay

in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest

14 “写” :dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down

15 “拿/放”: take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push

16 “抓” :take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch

17 “打” :hit; beat; strike; blow; attack

18 “扔” :throw; drop; fall; wave; shake

19 “送” :send; deliver; give; offer; see off

20 “摸/抱” :ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms

21 “踢/碰” :kick; knock; tip

22 “找/查” :find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for;

search for seek / seek for in search of; search sb; search sp for sth;

check; examine; test; inspect

23 “得” :get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess

24 “失” :lose; be lost /be missing; gone; great loss

25 “有” :have; own; conquer; occupy =possess

26 “无” :nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone

27 “增/减” :rise / go up /drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease

28 “买/卖” :buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on

sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts

29 “存在/消失” :come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show;

turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight

30 “变化” :develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour

/without( negative adj) turn + colour; change /change into; reform

31 “成功/失败” :make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize

one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth

into reality

32 “努力” :try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do ones best; do as much as one can to do

33 祝贺:congratulate sb on sth; celebrate; observe; get together

34 敬佩:admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy /be jealousy

35 赞美/批评:praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to

blame; criticize /scold sb for sth; have a low opinion of sb; speak

ill of

36 喜/恶:like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore

37 到达:arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp; visit; leave; leave for

38 受伤:hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss

39 损坏:damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken

40 修复: repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself

41 “认识的过程” :feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know

/learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite;

apply to

42 认为;判断:think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt

43 想/考虑:think of…as; think about; consider; think over

44 支持/反对:agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against

45 花费:sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ in doing sth; sb+afford +n/to

do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some

money for sth

46 省/存钱:save /save up; set aside; put away; spare no effort/ time

47 参加:take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against

48 控告:accuse sb of; charge sb with

49 救治/帮助: help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth; treat; cure

sb of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth assist sb

in doing sth

50 逃避:run away; escape from; flee; hide

51 阻止/禁止:prevent / keep/ stop sb from doing sth; forbid doing sth; ban; prohibit

52 对付/处理:handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle

53 效仿:copy; imitate; learn from; learn

54 爆发/发生:come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode

55 安装/装备:fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with

56 追求:pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with

57 建议:advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade

58 打算:plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do

59 似乎/好象:seem; appear; look like/ as if /as though

60 开办/关闭:open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down

名词类:

1假期 vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off

2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking

3职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess

Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher

Conductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard

4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife

reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray

napkin

5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one’s temperature take

medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon

specialist patient

6车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb

7身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist

8意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy

9才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud

Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable

10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness

11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith

12方式 means method way manner approach

13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight

14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图

15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article

magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary日记 Files form make a list of

16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree

Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks

17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony

18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation

19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth

20交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike

give sb a lift/ride

21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的(形容词) practice惯例(名词)

22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense

23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow

24 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off

25 运动比赛 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game

match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play

volleyball/soccer/

26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of

27事件 incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故

形容词类

1人的各种感受

乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused

悲 sad unhappy painful bitter

平静 calm quiet silent/still peaceful

烦bother bored be fed up with

震惊 surprised astonished shocked /amazed

怕 in fear be frightened /scared /afraid

失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed

满意be satisfied with /be content to do

生气 Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage

2 表程度的副词类

narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite

Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far

Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus

高频词组大全

With the help of 在~~帮助下

under the leadership / care of 在~~领导/关心下

be strict with sb 对~人要求严格

be strict in sth 对~事要求严格

at present=at the present time 目前

for the present 暂时

in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下

under the sun 在世界上

lie in 位于~~之内

lie on 同~~接壤

lie to 位于~~之外

at least 至少

in the least 丝毫,一点

by name 名叫

in the name of 以~~名义

in the air 空中,在流传

on the air 播出

in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法

In a way 在某点上,在某种程度上

get one’s own way to do 随心所欲

give way 让步,屈服

ose one’s way 迷路

by the way 顺便说一下

on one’s way to 在去~~的路上

Come this way 这边走

at the corner 在拐角处(外角)

in the corner 在角落里(内角)

on the corner 在角落上(外角上)

judge by / from 根据~~来判断

judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断

at the end (of) 在~~结束时

at the beginning of 在~~开始时

at the back of 在~~背后,支持

at the age of ~~岁时

at the foot of 在~~脚下

at the bottom of 在~~底部

at the top of 在~~顶上

at/on the edge of 在~~边上

in the course of 在~~过程中

in the eyes of 从~~观点看来,在~~眼里

in the face of 面对~,尽管,纵使

in the middle of 在~中间

in the end =at last=finally 最后

on the eve of 在~~前夕

on the side of 在~~一边

after a time = after some time 过一段时间后

for a time = for some time 一时,有一段时间

behind time 迟到,过期

behind the times 落在时代后面

at no time 决不

in no time 立即,马上

at one time = once time 曾经

at a time = each time 每次

at times = sometimes 有时

at all times 经常,一直,始终

at the same time 同时

at the time 在~~的时候

by the time 到~~的时候

for a moment 一会儿

for the moment 暂时

at the moment 当时

the moment /minute /instance 正当~~一刹那

once or twice 一两次

more than once 不止一次

once more 重新,又

once upon a time 从前

once in a while 偶尔

1 以break为中心的词组

break away from 脱离,逃离

break down 破坏,粉碎;瓦解;出故障,抛锚

break in 闯进,打断;使顺服

break into 闯入;强行进入;突然开始

break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚

break the law 违反法律

break the record 破记录

break one’s promise 失言

break up 开垦,破碎;解散,分开,分解

2 以catch为中心的词组

be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨

catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风,感冒

catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现,瞥见

catch up with 赶上,追及,追上

3 以come为中心的词组

come across 偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付

come along 一道来,陪伴;进步,进展;出现

come at 达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击

come back 回来;恢复,复原

come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒

come from 来自,起源于,从~~产生,生于

come in 进来,进入;流行起来;获名次

come into being 发生,产生,出现,形成

come into power 开始执政,当权,当选

come into use 开始使用,获得应用

come on 上演;开始;赶快;发展;登台;(问题)被提出

come to know 开始了解到

come out 出来,传出;出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露

come to 苏醒,复原;共计;达到;归结于

come to an end 终止,结束

come true 实现,成为现实;证实

come up 走近;上楼;长出,发芽

4 以do为中心的词组

be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束

do a good deed 做一件好事 do away with 去掉,废除;弄死;浪费

do good to (=do sb good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb good) 有害于

do its work 有效,有作用 do much 极有用

do wrong to 做错 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力

do one’s homework 做作业 do one’s utmost 尽力而为

do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb justice 公平对待某人

do some cleaning (V+ing,etc) 搞卫生 do sb a favor 帮助某人

do well in 学得不错,干得漂亮 do with 和~~相处,忍受,处理

do without 不需要,不用 do wonders 创造奇迹

have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关

have something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下

That will do 行了;够了

5 以get为中心的词组

get about 徘徊,走动,旅行;流传 get above oneself 自视高傲

get accustomed to 习惯于,对~~习以为常 get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使理解

get ahead of 胜过,超过 get along 前进,进步;同意;离去

get along with 与~~相处 get at 发现,了解;掌握;攻击

have got to do 不得不,必须 get away 离开,逃脱

get back 取回,回来;报复 get behind 落后;识破

get down 咽下;写下;使沮丧,使抑郁 get down to 认真对待,静下心来

get familiar with 熟悉 get hold of 获得,取得

get home 到家

get in 进入,陷入;牵涉

get off 送走;脱下(衣服);下车;

动身 get on 上车;穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处

get upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功

get one’s hand in 熟悉;习惯

get out of 由~~出来,从~~得出;避免;退休

get over 越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成

get ready for 为~~作准备

get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱

get through 到达,完成,通过;及格

get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见

get up 起床,起立;研究,钻研;致力于;安排,组织

get used to 习惯于

6 以give为中心的词组

be given to 沉溺于,癖好 give about 分配;传播

give and take 相互迁就 give away 赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发

give back 归还 give cause 给予~~的理由

give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出,放出;发表

give in 屈服,让步,投降 give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步

give off 发出(烟,气味) give oneself out to be/as 自称为

give oneself up to 专心于;向~~自首 give out 分发,公布

give place to 让位于,被~~所替代 give rise to 引起,导致;使~~发生

give sb to understand 通知某人 give up 放弃;停止

give way to 让步,退却;屈服于

7 以look为中心的词组

look about 四下环顾;查看 look after 照顾,看管

look around 东张西望 look at 注视,着眼于

look back 回顾 look for 寻找;期待,期望

look down on 俯视;轻视 look forward to 盼望,期待

look into 窥视;调查;浏览 look like 看起来象

look on 旁观;面向 look out 向外看;注意;当心,堤防

look over 从上面看过去;检查 look through 透过~~看去;看穿;浏览

look up to 仰望,尊敬

8 以make为中心的词组

be made from 由~~原料制成

be made of 由~~材料制成

be made up of 由~~组成

make a fool of 愚弄,欺骗

make a mistake 弄错

make a point of doing 强调;认为~~重要;决心,坚持

make advantages/use of 使用,利用

make after 追求,追赶

make believe 假装

make certain 确信,把~~弄清楚

make contact with 接通,与~~接触,与~~联系

make for 去向,向~~前进;有利于

make friends with 和~~交友

make into 把~~制成,使~~转变为

make much of 重视;理解;赏识

make one’s mind on sth 决定某事

make one’s own 当作自己的看待

make oneself at home 随便,别拘束

make out 填写;开支票;理解;辨认

make the best of 尽量利用;极为重视

make up 弥补,修理;赔偿,补偿;起草;编造;化装

make up to 接近,巴结;向~~求爱

make way for 为~~让路,让路于

on the make 急求成功;增加

9 以put为中心的词组

put aside 把~~放在一边;搁置;排除

put away 把~~放好,把~~收拾;储藏;吃喝,吃掉

put back 把~~放回原处;驳回

put down 放下;镇压;制止;记下;削减;降落

put forward 提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡,倡议

put ~~ into 把~~放入;插入;翻译成

put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,推辞

put on 上演;穿上,带上

put up with 忍受,容忍

put one’s heart into 全神贯注,专心致志

put up 举起,挂起;提名,推荐;陈列

10 以take为中心的词组

be taken aback 吃惊 take a seat 就坐

take a shower 淋浴,洗澡 take aim 瞄准,设立目标

take away 拿走,减去;夺去 take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜

take one’s place 就坐,入坐

take care of 当心,注意;照顾;提防;谨慎;处理,对付;负责

take office 就职,上任

take ~~ for 把~当作

take off 脱去,除去;离开;起飞;模仿;起程;致死;复制,作副本;减弱

take one’s temperature 量体温

take part in 参与,参加

take it easy 别着急,慢慢来

take place = happen 发生,举行

take the place of 代替 take pride in 以~~为荣,对~~骄傲

take sb by the arm 拉某人的胳膊

11 以turn为中心的词组

give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法

in one’s turn 轮到某人做某事

out of turn 不按次序的,不合适宜的

take one’s turn to do 轮到做

turn a blind eye to 对~~视而不见

turn against 背叛,采取敌对态度

turn back 折回,往回走

turn down 折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑

turn into 走进;变成,变为

turn to ~~for help 求助于

turn off 关上(自来水,电器开关);解雇,辞退;避开(问题);制造;生产

turn on 打开(自来水,电器开关);反对;依靠,依赖,取决于

turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向

turn out 培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是

turn out to be 原来是,证明是,结果是

turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页,重新开始,改过自新

turn (a)round 旋转,转过身来;改变意见;采取新政策

turn to 变成;着手于

turn upside down 颠倒过来,翻过来;使陷入混乱

学习资料站《 中学新概念英语 》

完形填空主要考查学生词汇、固定搭配、语法等语言知识,也反映出学生的阅读理解能力,对语境的逻辑判断能力。

一、解题原则

1、语义优先于语法原则

由于文章的开头部分一般不设空格,而是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示,并且单纯的语法题几乎从该题型中消失。

如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案,就陷入了答题误区,因为几乎每一题的四个选项都符合语法规则;理解文章的大意并结合语言结构对每个空格作出正确的判断,方为上策。

2、词内选项句内找原则

从近几年的高考原题来看,近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数,要么都是近义动词的同一时态等,只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。

如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊,则上文或下文肯定有答题提示,有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。

二、解题步骤

1要快速通读全文,了解文章大意,正确分析、归纳文章主旨。

2在理解文章大意基础上,对每道题所给的词语进行剖析,考虑语境,上下呼应,运用逻辑思维进行推理,再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等,先完成简单的,把难的留在后面。

3再细读全文,集中精力解决难点,填补空缺。

4答题完毕,遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律,再耐心通读全文,认真复查所选答案是否得当,语法是否正确,逻辑推理是否合理。

三、解题技巧

1逻辑语气解题法

这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。

2固定搭配解题法

这类题与语法结构题有点类似,但主要惯用搭配,讲究词与词的搭配,涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。

3语法结构法

这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。

4语境信息解题法

选项重在语意干扰,考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫,对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以,快速浏览全文,迅速领悟篇章主旨,通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。

5利用常识解题法

这类题主要是考查考生应该把握的英美国家的文化背景知识和生活常识,但唯有在无法准确把握语言知识时,可充分利用所学的社会知识和科普知识进行语境判断。

四、提高途径

良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底,有人说,“得阅读者得天下”。完形填空也不例外。

培养自己良好的阅读习惯应做到:

1、要以意群,语义为单位读,不要逐词逐句地认;

2、要借助视觉扫读,不要手指唇动或无声心读;

3、要从头至尾,一气呵成,不要频繁回读;

4、要直接理解原文,不要逐词逐句地心译;

5、要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词,推测出句意,不要频繁查阅词典;

6、逐步扩大视距,要纵式快速阅读,不要横式赏析细读。

完形填空英语解题技巧如下:

先易后难

我们在做英语完形填空的时候,要遵循先易后难的原则,在快速的阅读全文之后,先把自己有把握答对的题做完,这样做会使我们更容易加深对文章的理解,就好比我们在拼拼图的时候,先把最简单的部分拼出来,然后根据拼出来的部分去拼接下来的部分,当我们把简单的题做完之后,文章的完整度就会提高,我们就更容易去理解了。

掌握主题思想和文章结构

不光是英语,任何一篇文章都是由主题思想的,而一篇文章的主题思想往往决定着文章的走向,了解了文章的走向也就便于我们找到空缺的答案。同时了解文章的结构对我们也很重要,英语完形填空也会考察我们对句型掌握,而我们了解了文章结构也更容易知道文章考察的句型有哪些。

复读全文

在做完英语完形填空之后,我们还需要再读一遍文章,这样做的目的就是检查一下自己的答案是否正确,在原文中通不通顺,够不够连贯,如果在这个过程中有句型不对的地方,那多半就是做错了。

建议

高考英语完形填空应该揣摩作者意图

高考英语的文章是作者的心声,即使字面上不着痕迹,字里行间却无不流露出作者的爱憎情感,无不体现出作者的目的、意图,因此做完形填空时,考生不仅要具备理解表层含义的能力,也必须具备理解文章深层含义的能力。

高考英语完形填空应该注意词汇搭配

正确理解句子结构是做好高考英语完形填空题的重要前提。考生首先要熟悉、掌握各种句型及句子的各种成分、主从句间的关系;其次要掌握动词、名词、形容词及介词等之间的意义搭配、习惯搭配和固定搭配;同时,考生更要学会根据具体情况灵活运用。由此,考生逐渐培养对词汇搭配的理解能力,才能做好完形填空题。

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