人体身体各部位,用英语怎么翻译
头:head
头顶:the (或:crown)of the head
发:hair of the head
额:forhead
太阳穴:temple
面部:face
颊:cheek
颧骨:cheekbone
眼:eye
眉毛:eyebrow
睫毛:eyelash
眼皮:eyelid
眼球:eyeball
瞳孔:pupil
虹膜:iris
耳:ear
耳膜鼓:ear drum
听道:auditory c
鼻:nose
鼻孔:nostril
鼻腔:nasal cavity
鼻梁:brdge of the nose
人中:philtrum
口:mouth
唇:lip
舌:tongue
牙:tooth(teeth)
齿冠:crown
齿龈:gum
齿根:root;fang
(牙)珐琅质:enamel
硬腭:hard palate
软腭:soft palate
小舌:uvula
扁桃体:tonsil
声带:vocal cords
咽头:pharynx
下巴:chin
颚,颌:jaw
颚骨:jawbone
颈;脖子:neck
吼:throat
咽喉:larynx
项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck
身躯,躯干:trunk
背:back
肩:shoulder
腋窝:armpit
胸:chest
:breast;thorax
:nipple
腰:waist;loins
肚脐:navel;belly button
腹:abdomen;belly
上腹:the upper abdomen
下腹;the lower abdomen
腹股沟:groin
臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside
生殖器:genitals;genital an
肢:limb
臂:arm
上臂:upper arm
前臂:fore arm
胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm
肘:elbow
腕:wrist
手:hand
手背:back of the hand
手掌:palm of the hand
手指:finger
大拇指:thumb
食指:forefinger;index finger
中指:middle finger
无名指:ring finger
小指:little finger
指甲:finger nail
腿:leg
大腿:thigh
小腿:lower leg;shank
膝:knee
膝关节:knee joint
膝盖骨:kneecap
膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee
腿肚:calf
踝:ankle
足:foot(feet)
脚背:instep
脚掌:sole of the foot
后跟:heel
趾:toe
趾甲:toenail
内脏:viscera;internal ans
呼吸道:respiratory tract
消化道:alimentary c
气管:trachea;windpipe
甲状腺:thyroid gland
淋巴结:lymph node
食管:gullet ;esophagus
肺:lung
心脏:heart
动脉:artery
静脉:vein
毛细血管:blood cspillary
横膈:diaphragm
胃肠道:gastrointestinal tract
胃:stomach(stomachs)
十二指肠:duodenum
肝:liver
胆囊:gallbladder
阑尾:appendix
肠:intestine
大肠:large intestine
结肠:colon
小肠: all intestine
直肠:rectum
:anus
脾:spleen
胰:pancreas
生殖泌尿道:genitourinary tract
输尿管:ureter
肾:kidney
膀胱:urinary bladder
尿道:urethra
骨骼:bones and skeleton
头颅骨:skull
肌肉:muscle
胸肌:pectoral muscle
腹肌:abdominal muscle
三角肌:deltoid muscle
腱:tendon
神经:nerve
中枢神经系统:central nervous system
脑:brain
大脑:cerebrum
小脑:cerebellum
脑神经:cranial nerve
运动神经:motor nerve
感觉神经:sensory nerve
腺:gland
内分泌腺:endocrine gland
(脑)垂体:pittuitary gland
肾上腺:adrenal gland
性腺:sex gland
身体各部位英语名称,加汉语head 头
eye 眼睛
ear 耳朵
mouth 嘴;嘴巴
hand 手
leg 腿
foot 脚 (单数)
feet 脚(复数)
nose 鼻子
人体部位日语 人体各部位用日语怎么表达头(あたま)
手(て)
足(あし)
髪(かみ)
额(ひたい)
目(め)
鼻(はな)
耳(みみ)
口(くち)
唇(くちびる)
颚(あご)
首(くび)ps:这个是脖子的意思
腰(こし)
股(もも)
猴孑的身体各各部位英语单词脑袋Head圆又圆
鼻子Nose站中间
Eye, 眼睛黑又亮
Ear, 耳朵长两边
Mouth, 嘴巴会说话
Face, 小脸白又白
Hand, 小手拍一拍
Arm, 胳膊真结实
Finger, 手指会数数
Foot, 小脚跳一跳
Leg, 小腿踢踢腿
Body, 身体摇一摇
身体部位英语单词顺口溜2:
小朋友,起得早,大家快来做做操,
张开mouth深呼吸,揉揉nose 吸吸气,
洗洗face提提神,脖子neck扭一扭,
手臂arms伸一伸,小手hands拍一拍,
腿儿legs踢一踢,膝盖knees蹲一蹲,
小脚feet跳一跳,天天锻炼身体好,
眼睛eyes大又亮,耳朵ears听得清,
脑袋head更聪明,做个新世纪小主人。
人体器官韩语,身体各部位的韩语怎么说머리 头,
목 脖子,
근육 肌肉,
배꼽 肚脐,
배 肚子,
복부 腹部,
허벅지 大腿,
정강이 小腿,
발목 脚踝,
가슴 胸,
흉부 胸部,
젖꼭지 ,
팔 胳膊,
허리 腰,
다리 腿,
발 脚 (복부腹部 흉부胸部,都是汉字词,专业词汇常用,如복부운동 腹部运动,흉부Xray 胸透)
목덜미 后勃颈,
주먹 拳头,
손목 手腕,
등 背,
아킬레스건 跟腱,
뒤꿈치 脚跟,
어깨 肩,
팔뚝 小臂,
팔꿈치 肘,
겨드랑이 腋窝,
엉덩이 ,
둔부 臀部,
종아리 小腿
人体各部位用日语怎么表达
髪の毛かみのけ头发
眉毛 まゆげ 眉毛
まつ毛まつげ 睫毛
耳みみ 耳朵
鼻はな 鼻子
ほくろほくろ 痣
唇くちびる 嘴唇
下颚 したあご 下巴
额ひたい 额头
こめかみ 太阳穴
目め 眼睛
頬ほお 脸颊
口くち 嘴巴
颚あご 下颚
英语里人体各部位单词汇总?head 头
throat 喉咙, 咽喉
armpit hair 腋毛
nipple
chest 胸部
pit 胸口
navel 肚脐
abdomen 腹部
private parts
thigh 大腿
neck 脖子
shoulder 肩
back 背
waist 腰
hip 臀部
buttock
skull 颅骨, 头盖骨
collarbone 锁骨
rib 肋骨
backbone 脊骨, 脊柱
shoulder joint 肩关节
shoulder blade 肩胛骨
breastbone 胸骨
elbow joint 肘关节
pelvis 骨盆
kneecap 膝盖骨
bone 骨
skeleton 骨骼
sinew 腱
muscle 肌肉
joint 关节
blood vessel 血管
vein 静脉
artery 动脉
capillary 毛细血管
nerve 神经
spinal marrow 脊髓
brain 脑
respiration 呼吸
windpipe 气管
lung 肺
heart 心脏
diaphragm 隔膜
internal ans 内脏
gullet 食管
stomach 胃
liver 肝脏
gall bladder 胆囊
pancreas 胰腺
spleen 脾
duodenum 12指肠
all intestine 小肠
large intestine 大肠
blind gut 盲肠
vermiform appendix 阑尾
rectum 直肠
anus
kidney 肾脏
bladder 膀胱
penis
testicles 睾丸
scroticles 阴囊
urine 尿道
ovary 卵巢
womb 子宫
vagina
hair 头发
forehead 额
temple 太阳穴
eyebrow 眉毛
eye 眼睛
ear 耳朵
cheek 面颊
nose 鼻子
lip 嘴唇
mouth 口
chin 下巴
bald head 秃头
wrinkles 皱纹
crow's-feet 鱼尾纹
mole 痣
Adam's apple 喉
freckles 雀斑
dimple 酒涡
pimple 粉刺
tooth 牙齿
uvual 小舌
tonsil 扁桃腺
tongue 舌
decayed tooth 龋齿
gum 牙龈
palate 上牙膛
incisors 切齿, 门齿
canine tooth 大齿
premolars 前齿
molars 后牙
denlture 假齿
mustache 小胡子
beard 山羊胡
whiskers 络腮胡
sidebums 鬓角
dark eye 黑眼睛
brow eye 茶色眼睛
blue eye 蓝眼睛
hazel eye 淡褐色眼睛
almond eye 杏仁眼
double eye 双眼皮
upturned nose 朝天鼻
aquiline nose 鹰钩鼻
snub nose 狮子鼻
bulbous nose 球状鼻
Grecian nose 悬胆鼻
Roman nose 鹰鼻
kinky hair 卷缩发
wavy hair 波浪发
straight hair 直发
blond hair 金发
thumb 大拇指
forefinger 食指
middle finger 中指
third finger 无名指
little finger 小指
palm 手掌
ball 拇指腕掌
nail 指甲
half moon 甲晕
fist 拳头
knuckle 指关节
back 手背
wrist 手腕
elbow 肘
armpit 腋下
thigh 大腿
knee 膝盖
shank 小腿
calf 小腿肚
foot 脚
instep 脚背
toes 脚趾
ankle 踝
Achilles's tendon 跟腱
heel 脚后跟
sole 脚底
arch 脚掌心
用英语写人体部位作文加翻译Her eyebrows snorkel, eyebrows like a pair of beautiful Moon
The nose is big and long, like a ship of the Tuo
This clear and bright of eye, as if the o Wang water
Extremely thin lips, those clever and thoroughly Lingqi
她的眉毛浅浅的,像一双美丽的月亮。
鼻子大而长,就像一艘船的托。
这清澈明亮的眼睛,就像两汪水。
非常薄的嘴唇,那些聪明的、很棒的灵气。
身体各部位英文名称选了外部的 呵呵!
head 头
throat 喉咙, 咽喉
armpit hair 腋毛
nipple
chest 胸部
pit 胸口
navel 肚脐
abdomen 腹部
private parts
thigh 大腿
neck 脖子
shoulder 肩
back 背
waist 腰
hip 臀部
buttock
skull 颅骨, 头盖骨
collarbone 锁骨
rib 肋骨
backbone 脊骨, 脊柱
shoulder joint 肩关节
shoulder blade 肩胛骨
breastbone 胸骨
elbow joint 肘关节
pelvis 骨盆
kneecap 膝盖骨
bone 骨
skeleton 骨骼
sinew 腱
muscle 肌肉
joint 关节
hair 头发
forehead 额
temple 太阳穴
eyebrow 眉毛
eye 眼睛
ear 耳朵
cheek 面颊
nose 鼻子
lip 嘴唇
mouth 口
chin 下巴
bald head 秃头
wrinkles 皱纹
crow's-feet 鱼尾纹
mole 痣
Adam's apple 喉
freckles 雀斑
dimple 酒涡
pimple 粉刺
tooth 牙齿
uvual 小舌
tonsil 扁桃腺
tongue 舌
decayed tooth 龋齿
gum 牙龈
palate 上牙膛
incisors 切齿, 门齿
canine tooth 大齿
premolars 前齿
molars 后牙
denlture 假齿
mustache 小胡子
beard 山羊胡
whiskers 络腮胡
sidebums 鬓角
dark eye 黑眼睛
brow eye 茶色眼睛
blue eye 蓝眼睛
hazel eye 淡褐色眼睛
almond eye 杏仁眼
double eye 双眼皮
upturned nose 朝天鼻
aquiline nose 鹰钩鼻
snub nose 狮子鼻
bulbous nose 球状鼻
Grecian nose 悬胆鼻
Roman nose 鹰鼻
kinky hair 卷缩发
wavy hair 波浪发
straight hair 直发
blond hair 金发
thumb 大拇指
forefinger 食指
middle finger 中指
third finger 无名指
little finger 小指
palm 手掌
ball 拇指腕掌
nail 指甲
half moon 甲晕
fist 拳头
knuckle 指关节
back 手背
wrist 手腕
elbow 肘
armpit 腋下
take 拿在手上
have 拿着
hold 握住
grasp 抓住, 紧握
throw 投掷
carry 搬运
put 摆放
push 推
pull 拉
make 制作
break 打破
catch 抓住
point 指着
scratch 搔
pinch 捻
flip 弹
snap 响指
raise one's hand 举手
wave one's hand 摇手
stretch one's hand 伸手
shake hands with a person 与人握手
clap one's hands 拍手
fold one's arms 交叉双臂
thigh 大腿
knee 膝盖
shank 小腿
calf 小腿肚
foot 脚
instep 脚背
toes 脚趾
ankle 踝
Achilles's tendon 跟腱
heel 脚后跟
sole 脚底
arch 脚掌心
toddel 蹒跚行走
stagger 摇摇晃晃
trudge 步履艰难
walk on tiptoe 蹑足而行
jog 慢跑
dash 猛冲
race 赛跑
parade ==
jump 跳跃
hop 单脚跳
skip 蹦跳
trip 绊倒
slip 滑跤
fall 跌倒
limp 跛行
crawl 爬行
kneel 跪下
sit cross-legged 盘脚坐
stand on one leg 单脚站立
squat 蹲
chase 追
人身体各部位示意图去新华书店买本人体解剖图或者去医院看人体解剖图都有 。
之前有人曾经给出过答案,请参考!!!
头:head
头顶:the top (或:crown)of the head
发:hair of the head
额:forhead
太阳穴:temple
面部:face
颊:cheek
颧骨:cheekbone
眼:eye
眉毛:eyebrow
睫毛:eyelash
眼皮:eyelid
眼球:eyeball
瞳孔:pupil
虹膜:iris
耳:ear
耳膜鼓:ear drum
听道:auditory canal
鼻:nose
鼻孔:nostril
鼻腔:nasal cavity
鼻梁:brdge of the nose
人中:philtrum
口:mouth
唇:lip
舌:tongue
牙:tooth(teeth)
齿冠:crown
齿龈:gum
齿根:root;fang
(牙)珐琅质:enamel
硬腭:hard palate
软腭:soft palate
小舌:uvula
扁桃体:tonsil
声带:vocal cords
咽头:pharynx
下巴:chin
颚,颌:jaw
颚骨:jawbone
颈;脖子:neck
吼:throat
咽喉:larynx
项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck
身躯,躯干:trunk
背:back
肩:shoulder
腋窝:armpit
胸:chest
乳房:breast;thorax
乳头:nipple
腰:waist;loins
肚脐:navel;belly button
腹:abdomen;belly
上腹:the upper abdomen
下腹;the lower abdomen
腹股沟:groin
臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside
生殖器:genitals;genital organ
肢:limb
臂:arm
上臂:upper arm
前臂:fore arm
胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm
肘:elbow
腕:wrist
手:hand
手背:back of the hand
手掌:palm of the hand
手指:finger
大拇指:thumb
食指:forefinger;index finger
中指:middle finger
无名指:ring finger
小指:little finger
指甲:finger nail
腿:leg
大腿:thigh
小腿:lower leg;shank
膝:knee
膝关节:knee joint
膝盖骨:kneecap
膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee
腿肚:calf
踝:ankle
足:foot(feet)
脚背:instep
脚掌:sole of the foot
后跟:heel
趾:toe
趾甲:toenail
心脏:heart
肌肉:muscle
胸肌:pectoral muscle
腹肌:abdominal muscle
三角肌:deltoid muscle
脑:brain
大脑:cerebrum
小脑:cerebellum
Or
bone 骨
cartilage 软骨
bone marrow 骨髓
vertebra 椎骨
cervical vertebrae 颈椎
thoracic vertebrae 胸椎
lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
sacrum 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
rib 肋
costal bone 肋骨
sternum 胸骨
sternal angle 胸骨角
cranium, skull 颅
orbit 眶
paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦
frontal sinus 额窦
maxillary sinus 上颌窦
sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦
ethmoidal sinus 筛窦
pterion 翼点
cranial fontanelles 颅囟
clavicle 锁骨
humerus 肱骨
scapula 肩胛骨
radius 桡骨
ulna 尺骨
carpal bones 腕骨
metacarpal bones 掌骨
phalanges 指骨/趾骨
hip bone 髋骨
ilium 髂骨
ischium 坐骨
pubis 耻骨
acetabulum 髋臼
femur 股骨
patella 髌骨
tibia 胫骨
fibula 腓骨
tarsal bones 跗骨
metatarsal bones 跖骨
arthrology 关节学
fibrous joint 纤维连结
cartilaginous joint 软骨连结
synosteosis 骨性结合
joint, articulation 关节
vertebral column 脊柱
intervertebral disc 椎间盘
thoracic cage 胸廓
temporomandibular joint
颞下颌关节
shoulder joint 肩关节
elbow joint 肘关节
radiocarpal joint/wrist joint
桡腕关节
pubic symphysis 耻骨联合
pelvis 骨盆
terminal line 界线
sarotuberous ligament
骶结节韧带
sarospinous ligament骶棘韧带
greater sciatic foramen
坐骨大孔
hip joint 髋关节
knee joint 膝关节
ankle joint 踝关节
transverse tarsal joint
跗横关节
meniscus 半月板mycology 肌学
muscle 肌肉
tendon 肌腱
aponeurosis 腱膜
fascia 筋膜
trapezius m 斜方肌
latissimus dorsi m 背阔肌
erector spinae m 竖脊肌
sternocleidomastoid m
胸锁乳突肌
pectoralis major m 胸大肌
serratus anterior m 前锯肌
intercostal m 肋间肌
diaphragm 膈
obliquus externus abdominis m
腹外斜肌
inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带
sheath of rectus abdominis
腹直肌鞘
linea alba 腹白线
inguinal canal 腹股沟管
inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角
deltoid m 三角肌
biceps brachii m 肱二头肌
triceps brachii m 肱三头肌
gluteus maximus m 臀大肌
sartorius m 缝匠肌
quadriceps femoris m股四头肌
adductor magnus m 大收肌
triceps surae m 小腿三头肌
splanchnology 内脏学
alimentary system 消化系统
digestive tube/digestive tract
消化管
oral cavity 口腔
palate 腭
tongue 舌
cheek 颊
tooth 牙
tonsil 扁桃体
salivary glands 唾液腺
sublingual gland 舌下腺
parotid gland 腮腺
submandibular gland 下颌下腺
pharynx 咽
esophagus 食管
stomach, gaster 胃
cardia 贲门
pylorus 幽门
small intestine 小肠
duodenum 十二指肠
jejunum 空肠
ileum 回肠
caecum 盲肠
vermiform appendix 阑尾
colon 结肠
sigmoid colon 乙状结肠
rectum 直肠
anal canal 肛管
anus 肛门
liver, hepar 肝
porta hepatis 肝门
gall bladder 胆囊
pancreas 胰
respiratory system 呼吸系统
nose 鼻
nasal cavity 鼻腔
larynx 喉
trachea 气管
bronchus 支气管
lung 肺
pleura 胸膜
pleural cavity 胸膜腔
pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝
costodiaphragmatic recess
肋膈隐窝
mediastinum 纵隔
urinary system 泌尿系统
kidney 肾
renal hilum 肾门
renal pedicle 肾蒂
ureter 输尿管
urinary bladder 膀胱
urethra 尿道
reproductive system生殖系统
testis 睾丸
epididymis 附睾
ductus deferens 输精管
ejaculatory duct 射精管
spermatic cord 精索
prostate/prostate gland前列腺
seminal vesicle 精囊
bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺
scrotum 阴囊
penis 阴茎
ovary 卵巢
uterine tube 输卵管
uterus 子宫
vagina 阴道
mamma, breast 乳房
perineum 会阴
pelvic diaphragm 盆膈
urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈
peritoneum 腹膜
greater omentum 大网膜
omental burse 网膜囊
mesentery 肠系膜
subphrenic space 膈下间隙
rectovesical ponch
直肠膀胱陷凹
rectouterine pouch
直肠子宫陷凹
angiology 脉管学
cardiovascular system
心血管系统
lymphatic syatem 淋巴系统
heart 心
cardiac atrium 心房
cardiac ventricle 心室
tricuspid valve 三尖瓣
mitral valve 二尖瓣
conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥
pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口
aortic sinus 主动脉窦
interatrial septum 房间隔
interventricular septum 室间隔
sinuatrial node 窦房结
atrioventricular node 房室结
atrioventricular bundle房室束
coronary artery 冠状动脉
pericardium 心包
pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干
arterial ligament 动脉韧带
common carotid a
颈总动脉
carotid glomus 颈动脉小球
internal carotid a 颈内动脉
facial a 面动脉
superficial temporal a
颞浅动脉
subclavian a 锁骨下动脉
axillary a 腋动脉
brachial a 肱动脉
ulnar a 尺动脉
radial a 桡动脉
superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓
thoracic aorta 胸主动脉
abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
coeliac trunk 腹腔干
left gastric a 胃左动脉
common hepatic a 肝总动脉
splenic a 脾动脉right gastroepiploic a
胃网膜右动脉
superior mesenteric a
肠系膜上动脉
common iliac a 髂总动脉
external iliac a 髂外动脉
femoral a 股动脉
popliteal a 腘动脉
posterior tibial a 胫后动脉
peroneal a 腓动脉
dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉
uterine a 子宫动脉
superior vena cava 上腔静脉
brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉
internal jugular v 颈内静脉
cephalic v 头静脉
basilic v 贵要静脉
median cubital v 肘正中静脉
azygos v 奇静脉
great saphenous v 大隐静脉
portal v 门静脉
paraumbilical v 附脐静脉
thoracic duct 胸导管
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
腹股沟浅淋巴结
spleen 脾
thymus 胸腺
sensory organs 感觉器
visual organs 视器
eye 眼
cornea 角膜
sclera 巩膜
iris 虹膜
pupil 瞳孔
ciliary body 睫状体
choroid 脉络膜
retina 视网膜
optic disc 视神经盘
macula lutea 黄斑
aqueous humor 房水
lens 晶状体
vitreous body 玻璃体
conjunctiva 结膜
lacrimal apparatus 泪器
ophthalmic a 眼动脉
ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜
tympanic cavity 鼓室
auditory tube 咽鼓管
vestibule 前庭
cochlea 耳蜗
semicircular canal 半规管
peripheral nervous system
周围神经系统
spinal nerve 脊神经
spinal ganglia 脊神经节
cervical plexus 颈丛
phrenic n 膈神经
brachial plexus 臂丛
median n 正中神经
musculocutaneous n 肌皮神经
intercostal n 肋间神经
lumbar plexus 腰丛
obturator n 闭孔神经
sacral plexus 骶丛
sciatic n 坐骨神经
tibial n 胫神经
common peroneal n 腓总神经
cranial n 脑神经
olfactory n 嗅神经
optic n 视神经
oculomotor n 动眼神经
trochlear n 滑车神经
trigeminal n 三叉神经
ophthalmic n 眼神经
maxillary n 上颌神经
mandibular n 下颌神经
abducent n 展神经
facial n 面神经
vestibulocochlear n
前庭蜗神经
glossopharyngeal n 舌咽神经
vagus n 迷走神经
accessory n 副神经
hypoglossal n 舌下神经
chorda tympani 鼓索
autonomic nervous system
自主神经系统
sympathetic nerve 交感神经
parasympathetic nerve
副交感神经
central nervous system
中枢神经系统
spinal cord 脊髓
gray matter 灰质
cortex 皮质
nucleus 神经核
white matter 白质
medulla 髓质
fasciculus 纤维束
ganglion 神经节
reticular formation 网状结构spinal cord 脊髓
anterior horn 前角
posterior funiculus 后索
anterior white commissure
白质前连合
fasciculus gracilis 薄束
fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束
corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束
corticonuclear tract 皮质核束
brain, encephalon 脑
brain stem 脑干
medulla oblongata 延髓
pyramid 锥体
pyramidal decussation
锥体交叉
pons 脑桥
midbrain, mesencephalon中脑
red nucleus 红核
substantia nigra 黑质
cerebellum 小脑
diencephalon 间脑
thalamus 丘脑
hypothalamus 下丘脑
optic chiasma 视交叉
medial geniculate body
内侧膝状体
telencephalon 端脑
lateral ventricle 侧脑室choroid plexus 脉络丛
internal capsule 内囊
corpus callosum 胼胝体
corpus striatum 纹状体
cerebral cortex 大脑皮质
hippocampal formation
海马结构
limbic system 边缘系统
extrapyramidal system
锥体外系
cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜
cavernous sinus 海绵窦
epidural space 硬膜外隙
subarachnoid space
蛛网膜下隙
spinal pia mater 软脊膜
cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液
endocrine glands 内分泌腺
thyroid gland 甲状腺
parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺
suprarenal gland 肾上腺
hypophysis 垂体
pineal corpus 松果体
总论[Introduction]
•superior[上]
•inferior[下]
•Cranial[头侧]
•Caudal[尾侧]
•anterior[前]
•posterior[后]
•ventral[腹侧]
•dorsal[背侧]
•medial[内侧]
•lateral[外侧]
•internal[内]
•external[外]
•superficial[浅]
•profundal[深]
•proximal[近侧]
•distal[远侧]
•ulnar[尺侧]
•radial[桡侧]
•tibial[胫侧]
•fibular[腓侧]
2、运动系统[locomotor (kinetic) system]
•vertebrae[椎骨]
•cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]
•thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]
•lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]
•sacrum[骶骨]
•sternum[胸骨]
•rib[肋骨]
•thoracic cage[胸廓]
•skull[颅]
•frontal bone[额骨]
•parietal bone[顶骨]
•occipital bone[枕骨]
•temporal bone[颞骨]
•sphenoid bone[蝶骨]
•ethmoid bone[筛骨]
•mandible (submaxilla)[下颌骨]
•maxilla (supermaxilla)[上颌骨]
•nasal bone[鼻骨]
•coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture [冠状(矢状,人字)缝]
•orbit[眶]
•clavicle[锁骨]
•scapula (shoulder blade)[肩胛骨]
•sternum (breast bone)[胸骨]
•manubrium sterni (presternum)[胸骨柄]
•midsternum[胸骨体]
•xiphoid[剑突]
•humerus[肱骨]
•radius[桡骨]
•ulna[尺骨]
•carpal bone[腕骨]
•metacarpal bone [掌骨]
•phalanges[指(趾)骨]
•hip bone[髋骨]
•ilium[髂骨]
•ischium [坐骨]
•pubis[耻骨]
•femur [股骨]
•patella[髌骨]
•tibia[胫骨]
•fibula [腓骨]
•articulation[关节]
•ligament[韧带]
•flexion[屈]
•extension[伸]
•adduction[收]
•abduction[展]
•medial rotation[旋内]
•lateral rotation[旋外]
•pronation[旋前]
•supination[旋后]
•circumductoin[环转]
•vertebral column[脊柱]
•intervertebral disc[椎间盘]
•temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节]
•shoulder joint[肩关节]
•elbow joint[肘关节]
•radiocarpal joint[肩关节]
•radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]
•pelvis[骨盆]
•hip joint[髋关节]
•knee joint[膝关节]
•ankle joint[踝关节]
•muscle [肌肉]
•tendon[肌腱]
•fascia[筋膜]
•tendinous sheath[腱鞘]
•trapezius[斜方肌]
•latissimus dorsi[背阔肌]
•sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]
•scalenus [斜角肌]
•pectoralis major[胸大肌]
•intercostales[肋间肌]
•diaphragm[膈肌]
•inguinal canal[腹股沟管]
•masseter[咬肌]
•temporalis[颞肌]
•deltoid[三角肌]
•biceps brachii[肱二头肌]
•triceps brachii[肱三头肌]
•axillary fossa [腑窝]
•gluteus maximus[臀大肌]
•piriformis[梨状肌]
•sartorius[缝匠肌]
•quadriceps femoris[股四头肌]
•triceps surae[小腿三头肌]
•femoral triangle[股三角]
3、内脏[Viscera]
•viscera[内脏]
•oral cavity[口腔]
•lip[唇]
•cheek[颊]
•palate[腭]
•tooth[牙]
•dentes[牙]
•tongue[舌]
•parotid gland[腮腺]
•pharynx[咽]
•esophagus[食管]
•stomach gaster[胃]
•duodenum[十二指肠]
•jejunum[空肠]
•ileum [回肠]
•large intestine[大肠]
•caecum[盲肠]
•vermiform (appendix)[阑尾]
•colon[结肠]
•rectum[直肠]
•anal canal[肛管]
•dentate line[齿状线]
•anus[肛门]
•liver (hepar)[肝]
•porta hepatis[肝门]
•gallblader[胆囊]
•pancreas[胰]
•nose[鼻]
•nasal cavity[鼻腔]
•paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]
•larynx[喉]
•laryngeal cavity[喉腔]
•vocal cord[声带]
•trachea[气管]
•bronchi[支气管]
•lung [肺]
•pulmonary[肺的]
•pleura[胸膜]
•mediastinum[纵隔]
•kidney[肾]
•renal pilvis[肾盂]
•ureter[输尿管]
•urinary bladder[膀胱]
•urethra[尿道]
•testis[睾丸]
•epididymis[附睾]
•ductus deferens[输精管]
•spermatic cord[精索]
•prostate[前列腺]
•scrotum[阴囊]
•penis[阴茎]
•ovary[卵巢]
•uterine tube[输卵管]
•uterus[子宫]
•vagina[阴道]
•clitoris[阴蒂]
•mamma (breast)[乳房]
•mammary papilla (nipple)[乳头]
•perineum[会阴]
•pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]
•peritoneum[腹膜]
•omentum[网膜]
4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]
•heart[心]
•artery[动脉]
•vein[静脉]
•capillary[毛细血管]
•atrium[心房]
•ventricle[心室]
•tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]
•bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]
•aortic valve[主动脉瓣]
•pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]
•sinuatrial node[窦房结]
•atrioventricular node[房室结]
•atrioventricular bundle[房室束]
•right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]
•coronary artery[冠状动脉]
•coronary sinus[冠状窦]
•pericardium[心包]
•aorta[主动脉]
•innominate artery[无名动脉(头臂干)]
•common carotid artery[颈总动脉]
•carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]
•internal(external) carotid artery[颈内(外)动脉]
•facial artery[面动脉]
•subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉]
•mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]
•common iliac artery[髂总动脉]
•popliteal artery [腘动脉]
•vena cava [腔静脉]
•internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]
•cephalic vein[头静脉]
•basilic vein[贵要静脉]
•saphenous vein[隐静脉]
•lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]
•thoracic duct[胸导管]
•lymph node[淋巴结]
•spleen[脾]
•thymus[胸腺]
5、感觉器[sense organs]
•sensory organ[感觉器]
•receptor[感受器]
•visual organ[视器]
•eyeball [眼球]
•cornea[角膜]
•sclera[巩膜]
•choroid [脉络膜]
•ciliary body[睫状体]
•iris[虹膜]
•retina[视网膜]
•optic disc[视神经盘]
•macula lutea[黄斑]
•aqueous humor[房水]
•lens[晶状体]
•vitreous body[玻璃体]
•eyelid [眼睑]
•conjunctiva[结膜]
•lacrimal gland[泪腺]
•vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]
•ear( auris) [耳]
•auricle[耳廓]
•acoustic meatus[耳道]
•tympanic cavity[鼓室]
•tympanic membrane[鼓膜]
•pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]
•bony(membranous) labyrinth[骨(膜)迷路]
•vestibule [前庭]
•semicircular canal[半规管]
•cochlea[耳蜗]
•cochlear duct[蜗管]
•olfactory organ[嗅器]
•gustatory organ[味器]
•taste bud[味蕾]
•skin[皮肤]
6、神经系统[Nervous system]
•central nervous system[中枢神经系统]
•peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统]
•visceral nerve[内脏神经]
•afferent nerve[传入神经]
•efferent nerve[传出神经]
•neuron[神经元]
•axon [轴突]
•dendrite[树突]
•glia [神经胶质]
•gray matter [灰质]
•white matter[白质]
•cortex[皮质]
•madulla[髓质]
•nucleus[神经质]
•ganglion[神经节]
•fasciculus[神经束]
•nerve[神经]
•spinal nerve[脊神经]
•cervical plexus[颈丛]
•brachial plexus[臂丛]
•lumbar plexus[腰丛]
•sacral plexus [骶丛]
•phrenic nerve[膈神经]
•median nerve[正中神经]
•ulnar nerve[尺神经]
•radial nerve[桡神经]
•femoral nerve[股神经]
•ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经]
•common peroneal nerve[腓总神经]
•cranial nerve[颅(脑)神经]
•olfactory nerve[嗅神经]
•optic nerve[视神经]
•oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]
•trochlear nerve[滑车神经]
•trigeminal verve[三叉神经]
•abducent nerve[展神经]
•facial nerve[面神经]
•vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经]
•glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经]
•vagus nerve[迷走神经]
•accessary nerve[副神经]
•hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经]
•autonomic nervous system[自主神经]
•vegetative nervous system[植物神经]
•sympathetic nerve[交感神经]
•parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]
•spinal cord[脊髓]
•encephalon (brain)[脑]
•brain stem[脑干]
•medulla oblongata[延髓]
•pons [脑桥]
•mesencephalon[中脑]
•midbrain[中脑]
•cerebellum[小脑]
•diencephalon[间脑]
•thalamus[丘脑]
•hypothalamus[下丘脑]
•hypophysis[垂体]
•telencephalon[端脑]
•cerebrum[大脑]
•cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]
•corpus striatum[纹状体]
•internal capsule[内囊]
•spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束]
•medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]
•lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]
•spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]
•trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]
7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]
•naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]
•suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]
•supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝]
•infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝]
•armpit (axillary fossa)[腋窝]
•midsternal (midian) line[胸骨中线(正中线)]
•anterior midian line[前正中线]
•parasternal line[胸骨旁线]
•midclavicular line[锁骨中线]
•mammillary (nipple, milk) line[乳线]
•posterior (mid-, anterior) axillary line[腋后(中,前)线]
•scapular line[肩胛线]
•midspinal line[脊柱中线]
•dorsomedian line[后正中线]
•linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线]
•the left (right) upper abdomen (quadrant)[左(右)上腹]
•epigastrium[上腹部]
•the middle abdomen[中腹部]
•the lower abdomen[下腹部]
•linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]
•anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]
•symphysis pubis (symphysion)[耻骨联合]
•ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]
•groin (inguen)[腹股沟]
•popliteal fossa[腘窝]
•upper extremity(limb)[上肢]
•lower extremity(limb)[下肢]
•posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]
•anterior (dorsal) part of chest(前(后)胸部)
•scapular region[肩胛区]
•anterior (posterior) fontanelle[前(后)囱]
头:head
头顶:the top (或:crown)of the head
发:hair of the head
额:forhead
太阳穴:temple
面部:face
颊:cheek
颧骨:cheekbone
眼:eye
眉毛:eyebrow
睫毛:eyelash
眼皮:eyelid
眼球:eyeball
瞳孔:pupil
虹膜:iris
耳:ear
耳膜鼓:ear drum
听道:auditory canal
鼻:nose
鼻孔:nostril
鼻腔:nasal cavity
鼻梁:brdge of the nose
人中:philtrum
口:mouth
唇:lip
舌:tongue
牙:tooth(teeth)
齿冠:crown
齿龈:gum
齿根:root;fang
(牙)珐琅质:enamel
硬腭:hard palate
软腭:soft palate
小舌:uvula
扁桃体:tonsil
声带:vocal cords
咽头:pharynx
下巴:chin
颚,颌:jaw
颚骨:jawbone
颈;脖子:neck
吼:throat
咽喉:larynx
项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck
身躯,躯干:trunk
背:back
肩:shoulder
腋窝:armpit
胸:chest
乳房:breast;thorax
乳头:nipple
腰:waist;loins
肚脐:navel;belly button
腹:abdomen;belly
上腹:the upper abdomen
下腹;the lower abdomen
腹股沟:groin
臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside
生殖器:genitals;genital organ
肢:limb
臂:arm
上臂:upper arm
前臂:fore arm
胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm
肘:elbow
腕:wrist
手:hand
手背:back of the hand
手掌:palm of the hand
手指:finger
大拇指:thumb
食指:forefinger;index finger
中指:middle finger
无名指:ring finger
小指:little finger
指甲:finger nail
腿:leg
大腿:thigh
小腿:lower leg;shank
膝:knee
膝关节:knee joint
膝盖骨:kneecap
膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee
腿肚:calf
踝:ankle
足:foot(feet)
脚背:instep
脚掌:sole of the foot
后跟:heel
趾:toe
趾甲:toenail
心脏:heart
肌肉:muscle
胸肌:pectoral muscle
腹肌:abdominal muscle
三角肌:deltoid muscle
脑:brain
大脑:cerebrum
小脑:cerebellum
头:head
头顶:the top (或:crown)of the head
发:hair of the head
额:forhead
太阳穴:temple
面部:face
颊:cheek
颧骨:cheekbone
眼:eye
眉毛:eyebrow
睫毛:eyelash
眼皮:eyelid
眼球:eyeball
瞳孔:pupil
虹膜:iris
耳:ear
耳膜鼓:ear drum
听道:auditory canal
鼻:nose
鼻孔:nostril
鼻腔:nasal cavity
鼻梁:brdge of the nose
人中:philtrum
口:mouth
唇:lip
舌:tongue
牙:tooth(teeth)
齿冠:crown
齿龈:gum
齿根:root;fang
(牙)珐琅质:enamel
硬腭:hard palate
软腭:soft palate
小舌:uvula
扁桃体:tonsil
声带:vocal cords
咽头:pharynx
下巴:chin
颚,颌:jaw
颚骨:jawbone
颈;脖子:neck
吼:throat
咽喉:larynx
项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck
身躯,躯干:trunk
背:back
肩:shoulder
腋窝:armpit
胸:chest
乳房:breast;thorax
乳头:nipple
腰:waist;loins
肚脐:navel;belly button
腹:abdomen;belly
上腹:the upper abdomen
下腹;the lower abdomen
腹股沟:groin
臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside
生殖器:genitals;genital organ
肢:limb
臂:arm
上臂:upper arm
前臂:fore arm
胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm
肘:elbow
腕:wrist
手:hand
手背:back of the hand
手掌:palm of the hand
手指:finger
大拇指:thumb
食指:forefinger;index finger
中指:middle finger
无名指:ring finger
小指:little finger
指甲:finger nail
腿:leg
大腿:thigh
小腿:lower leg;shank
膝:knee
膝关节:knee joint
膝盖骨:kneecap
膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee
腿肚:calf
踝:ankle
足:foot(feet)
脚背:instep
脚掌:sole of the foot
后跟:heel
趾:toe
趾甲:toenail
心脏:heart
肌肉:muscle
胸肌:pectoral muscle
腹肌:abdominal muscle
三角肌:deltoid muscle
脑:brain
大脑:cerebrum
小脑:cerebellum
Or
bone 骨
cartilage 软骨
bone marrow 骨髓
vertebra 椎骨
cervical vertebrae 颈椎
thoracic vertebrae 胸椎
lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
sacrum 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
rib 肋
costal bone 肋骨
sternum 胸骨
sternal angle 胸骨角
cranium, skull 颅
orbit 眶
paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦
frontal sinus 额窦
maxillary sinus 上颌窦
sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦
ethmoidal sinus 筛窦
pterion 翼点
cranial fontanelles 颅囟
clavicle 锁骨
humerus 肱骨
scapula 肩胛骨
radius 桡骨
ulna 尺骨
carpal bones 腕骨
metacarpal bones 掌骨
phalanges 指骨/趾骨
hip bone 髋骨
ilium 髂骨
ischium 坐骨
pubis 耻骨
acetabulum 髋臼
femur 股骨
patella 髌骨
tibia 胫骨
fibula 腓骨
tarsal bones 跗骨
metatarsal bones 跖骨
arthrology 关节学
fibrous joint 纤维连结
cartilaginous joint 软骨连结
synosteosis 骨性结合
joint, articulation 关节
vertebral column 脊柱
intervertebral disc 椎间盘
thoracic cage 胸廓
temporomandibular joint
颞下颌关节
shoulder joint 肩关节
elbow joint 肘关节
radiocarpal joint/wrist joint
桡腕关节
pubic symphysis 耻骨联合
pelvis 骨盆
terminal line 界线
sarotuberous ligament
骶结节韧带
sarospinous ligament骶棘韧带
greater sciatic foramen
坐骨大孔
hip joint 髋关节
knee joint 膝关节
ankle joint 踝关节
transverse tarsal joint
跗横关节
meniscus 半月板mycology 肌学
muscle 肌肉
tendon 肌腱
aponeurosis 腱膜
fascia 筋膜
trapezius m 斜方肌
latissimus dorsi m 背阔肌
erector spinae m 竖脊肌
sternocleidomastoid m
胸锁乳突肌
pectoralis major m 胸大肌
serratus anterior m 前锯肌
intercostal m 肋间肌
diaphragm 膈
obliquus externus abdominis m
腹外斜肌
inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带
sheath of rectus abdominis
腹直肌鞘
linea alba 腹白线
inguinal canal 腹股沟管
inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角
deltoid m 三角肌
biceps brachii m 肱二头肌
triceps brachii m 肱三头肌
gluteus maximus m 臀大肌
sartorius m 缝匠肌
quadriceps femoris m股四头肌
adductor magnus m 大收肌
triceps surae m 小腿三头肌
splanchnology 内脏学
alimentary system 消化系统
digestive tube/digestive tract
消化管
oral cavity 口腔
palate 腭
tongue 舌
cheek 颊
tooth 牙
tonsil 扁桃体
salivary glands 唾液腺
sublingual gland 舌下腺
parotid gland 腮腺
submandibular gland 下颌下腺
pharynx 咽
esophagus 食管
stomach, gaster 胃
cardia 贲门
pylorus 幽门
small intestine 小肠
duodenum 十二指肠
jejunum 空肠
ileum 回肠
caecum 盲肠
vermiform appendix 阑尾
colon 结肠
sigmoid colon 乙状结肠
rectum 直肠
anal canal 肛管
anus 肛门
liver, hepar 肝
porta hepatis 肝门
gall bladder 胆囊
pancreas 胰
respiratory system 呼吸系统
nose 鼻
nasal cavity 鼻腔
larynx 喉
trachea 气管
bronchus 支气管
lung 肺
pleura 胸膜
pleural cavity 胸膜腔
pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝
costodiaphragmatic recess
肋膈隐窝
mediastinum 纵隔
urinary system 泌尿系统
kidney 肾
renal hilum 肾门
renal pedicle 肾蒂
ureter 输尿管
urinary bladder 膀胱
urethra 尿道
reproductive system生殖系统
testis 睾丸
epididymis 附睾
ductus deferens 输精管
ejaculatory duct 射精管
spermatic cord 精索
prostate/prostate gland前列腺
seminal vesicle 精囊
bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺
scrotum 阴囊
penis 阴茎
ovary 卵巢
uterine tube 输卵管
uterus 子宫
vagina 阴道
mamma, breast 乳房
perineum 会阴
pelvic diaphragm 盆膈
urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈
peritoneum 腹膜
greater omentum 大网膜
omental burse 网膜囊
mesentery 肠系膜
subphrenic space 膈下间隙
rectovesical ponch
直肠膀胱陷凹
rectouterine pouch
直肠子宫陷凹
angiology 脉管学
cardiovascular system
心血管系统
lymphatic syatem 淋巴系统
heart 心
cardiac atrium 心房
cardiac ventricle 心室
tricuspid valve 三尖瓣
mitral valve 二尖瓣
conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥
pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口
aortic sinus 主动脉窦
interatrial septum 房间隔
interventricular septum 室间隔
sinuatrial node 窦房结
atrioventricular node 房室结
atrioventricular bundle房室束
coronary artery 冠状动脉
pericardium 心包
pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干
arterial ligament 动脉韧带
common carotid a
颈总动脉
carotid glomus 颈动脉小球
internal carotid a 颈内动脉
facial a 面动脉
superficial temporal a
颞浅动脉
subclavian a 锁骨下动脉
axillary a 腋动脉
brachial a 肱动脉
ulnar a 尺动脉
radial a 桡动脉
superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓
thoracic aorta 胸主动脉
abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
coeliac trunk 腹腔干
left gastric a 胃左动脉
common hepatic a 肝总动脉
splenic a 脾动脉right gastroepiploic a
胃网膜右动脉
superior mesenteric a
肠系膜上动脉
common iliac a 髂总动脉
external iliac a 髂外动脉
femoral a 股动脉
popliteal a 腘动脉
posterior tibial a 胫后动脉
peroneal a 腓动脉
dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉
uterine a 子宫动脉
superior vena cava 上腔静脉
brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉
internal jugular v 颈内静脉
cephalic v 头静脉
basilic v 贵要静脉
median cubital v 肘正中静脉
azygos v 奇静脉
great saphenous v 大隐静脉
portal v 门静脉
paraumbilical v 附脐静脉
thoracic duct 胸导管
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
腹股沟浅淋巴结
spleen 脾
thymus 胸腺
sensory organs 感觉器
visual organs 视器
eye 眼
cornea 角膜
sclera 巩膜
iris 虹膜
pupil 瞳孔
ciliary body 睫状体
choroid 脉络膜
retina 视网膜
optic disc 视神经盘
macula lutea 黄斑
aqueous humor 房水
lens 晶状体
vitreous body 玻璃体
conjunctiva 结膜
lacrimal apparatus 泪器
ophthalmic a 眼动脉
ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜
tympanic cavity 鼓室
auditory tube 咽鼓管
vestibule 前庭
cochlea 耳蜗
semicircular canal 半规管
peripheral nervous system
周围神经系统
spinal nerve 脊神经
spinal ganglia 脊神经节
cervical plexus 颈丛
phrenic n 膈神经
brachial plexus 臂丛
median n 正中神经
musculocutaneous n 肌皮神经
intercostal n 肋间神经
lumbar plexus 腰丛
obturator n 闭孔神经
sacral plexus 骶丛
sciatic n 坐骨神经
tibial n 胫神经
common peroneal n 腓总神经
cranial n 脑神经
olfactory n 嗅神经
optic n 视神经
oculomotor n 动眼神经
trochlear n 滑车神经
trigeminal n 三叉神经
ophthalmic n 眼神经
maxillary n 上颌神经
mandibular n 下颌神经
abducent n 展神经
facial n 面神经
vestibulocochlear n
前庭蜗神经
glossopharyngeal n 舌咽神经
vagus n 迷走神经
accessory n 副神经
hypoglossal n 舌下神经
chorda tympani 鼓索
autonomic nervous system
自主神经系统
sympathetic nerve 交感神经
parasympathetic nerve
副交感神经
central nervous system
中枢神经系统
spinal cord 脊髓
gray matter 灰质
cortex 皮质
nucleus 神经核
white matter 白质
medulla 髓质
fasciculus 纤维束
ganglion 神经节
reticular formation 网状结构spinal cord 脊髓
anterior horn 前角
posterior funiculus 后索
anterior white commissure
白质前连合
fasciculus gracilis 薄束
fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束
corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束
corticonuclear tract 皮质核束
brain, encephalon 脑
brain stem 脑干
medulla oblongata 延髓
pyramid 锥体
pyramidal decussation
锥体交叉
pons 脑桥
midbrain, mesencephalon中脑
red nucleus 红核
substantia nigra 黑质
cerebellum 小脑
diencephalon 间脑
thalamus 丘脑
hypothalamus 下丘脑
optic chiasma 视交叉
medial geniculate body
内侧膝状体
telencephalon 端脑
lateral ventricle 侧脑室choroid plexus 脉络丛
internal capsule 内囊
corpus callosum 胼胝体
corpus striatum 纹状体
cerebral cortex 大脑皮质
hippocampal formation
海马结构
limbic system 边缘系统
extrapyramidal system
锥体外系
cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜
cavernous sinus 海绵窦
epidural space 硬膜外隙
subarachnoid space
蛛网膜下隙
spinal pia mater 软脊膜
cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液
endocrine glands 内分泌腺
thyroid gland 甲状腺
parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺
suprarenal gland 肾上腺
hypophysis 垂体
pineal corpus 松果体
1假肥大型
呈性连锁隐性遗传,男性患病,女性携带。在幼儿期发病,表现为走路年龄推迟,行走缓慢、易跌,跌倒后不易爬起。多数伴小腿肌的肥大,初期肥大肌肌力相对较强。臀中肌受累致骨盆左右上下摇动;跟腱挛缩而足跟不能着地;腰大肌受累致腹部前凸,脑后仰,呈鸭型步态。从蹲位只能靠两手撑着自己身体而逐步站直大腿,逐步挺起身子。骨盆带肌肉受累之后,逐步出现肩胛带肌肉萎缩、无力,两臂不能高举。菱形肌、前锯肌、肩胛肌、冈上、冈下肌萎缩使肩胛游离、肩胛骨呈翼状耸起,称翼状肩。病程逐渐发展,部分儿童由于本身生长发育的影响,出现病程的相对稳定或好转。多数患儿在10岁时丧失行走能力,依靠轮椅或坐卧不起,出现脊柱和肢体畸形。晚期,四肢挛缩,完全不能活动。常因伴发肺部感染、褥疮等疾患在20岁之前死亡。智商有不同程度减退。半数以上可伴心脏损害,心电图异常。早期呈现心肌肥大,除心悸外常无症状。
2肩-肱型
呈常染色体显性遗传,男女均可发病,病情轻重不一。轻者可无任何症状,在偶然情况或医师进行家谱分析时发现。幼年或青春期隐匿发病,发病后数年才被发现。面肌受累较早,表现为睡眠时闭眼不紧、吹气无力、苦笑脸容。逐步出现颈肌、肩胛带肌、肱肌的萎缩、无力。肩胛带和肱部肌肉萎缩,两侧肩峰明显隆突。整个肩胛部类似“衣架”。前臂肌肉正常。病程发展缓慢,躯干和骨盆带肌较晚累及。肢体远端肌肉很少萎缩。偶伴腓肠肌肥大。多数病例不影响寿命。
3肢带型
较复杂,非单一疾病,部分呈常染色体隐性遗传。两性均可发病。多数在青少年起病,个别较晚。首发症状为骨盆带肌的无力、萎缩。病情发展缓慢,逐步累及肩胛带,出现两臂上举困难、翼状肩等典型症状。晚期患者也可出现肌肉挛缩、行动不能。无智能障碍。病情严重程度和进展速度差异很大,不影响寿命。
4眼肌型
少见。部分患者是常染色体显性遗传,发病年龄不一。表现为眼睑下垂和进行性眼外肌麻痹。部分患者出现头面部、咽喉部、颈部或其他肢体肌肉无力和萎缩。少数病人可伴随脊髓、小脑和视网膜受损,智能低下和脑脊液蛋白质异常增高。
5远端型
根据发病年龄,自幼年至中年后期不等也可分为数种亚型,为常染色体显性或隐性遗传。表现为进行性远端小肌肉萎缩,逐步向近端发展,进展缓慢,不影响寿命。
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