人体身体各部位,用英语怎么翻译?

人体身体各部位,用英语怎么翻译?,第1张

人体身体各部位,用英语怎么翻译

头:head

头顶:the (或:crown)of the head

发:hair of the head

额:forhead

太阳穴:temple

面部:face

颊:cheek

颧骨:cheekbone

眼:eye

眉毛:eyebrow

睫毛:eyelash

眼皮:eyelid

眼球:eyeball

瞳孔:pupil

虹膜:iris

耳:ear

耳膜鼓:ear drum

听道:auditory c

鼻:nose

鼻孔:nostril

鼻腔:nasal cavity

鼻梁:brdge of the nose

人中:philtrum

口:mouth

唇:lip

舌:tongue

牙:tooth(teeth)

齿冠:crown

齿龈:gum

齿根:root;fang

(牙)珐琅质:enamel

硬腭:hard palate

软腭:soft palate

小舌:uvula

扁桃体:tonsil

声带:vocal cords

咽头:pharynx

下巴:chin

颚,颌:jaw

颚骨:jawbone

颈;脖子:neck

吼:throat

咽喉:larynx

项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck

身躯,躯干:trunk

背:back

肩:shoulder

腋窝:armpit

胸:chest

:breast;thorax

:nipple

腰:waist;loins

肚脐:navel;belly button

腹:abdomen;belly

上腹:the upper abdomen

下腹;the lower abdomen

腹股沟:groin

臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside

生殖器:genitals;genital an

肢:limb

臂:arm

上臂:upper arm

前臂:fore arm

胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm

肘:elbow

腕:wrist

手:hand

手背:back of the hand

手掌:palm of the hand

手指:finger

大拇指:thumb

食指:forefinger;index finger

中指:middle finger

无名指:ring finger

小指:little finger

指甲:finger nail

腿:leg

大腿:thigh

小腿:lower leg;shank

膝:knee

膝关节:knee joint

膝盖骨:kneecap

膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee

腿肚:calf

踝:ankle

足:foot(feet)

脚背:instep

脚掌:sole of the foot

后跟:heel

趾:toe

趾甲:toenail

内脏:viscera;internal ans

呼吸道:respiratory tract

消化道:alimentary c

气管:trachea;windpipe

甲状腺:thyroid gland

淋巴结:lymph node

食管:gullet ;esophagus

肺:lung

心脏:heart

动脉:artery

静脉:vein

毛细血管:blood cspillary

横膈:diaphragm

胃肠道:gastrointestinal tract

胃:stomach(stomachs)

十二指肠:duodenum

肝:liver

胆囊:gallbladder

阑尾:appendix

肠:intestine

大肠:large intestine

结肠:colon

小肠: all intestine

直肠:rectum

:anus

脾:spleen

胰:pancreas

生殖泌尿道:genitourinary tract

输尿管:ureter

肾:kidney

膀胱:urinary bladder

尿道:urethra

骨骼:bones and skeleton

头颅骨:skull

肌肉:muscle

胸肌:pectoral muscle

腹肌:abdominal muscle

三角肌:deltoid muscle

腱:tendon

神经:nerve

中枢神经系统:central nervous system

脑:brain

大脑:cerebrum

小脑:cerebellum

脑神经:cranial nerve

运动神经:motor nerve

感觉神经:sensory nerve

腺:gland

内分泌腺:endocrine gland

(脑)垂体:pittuitary gland

肾上腺:adrenal gland

性腺:sex gland

身体各部位英语名称,加汉语

head 头

eye 眼睛

ear 耳朵

mouth 嘴;嘴巴

hand 手

leg 腿

foot 脚 (单数)

feet 脚(复数)

nose 鼻子

人体部位日语 人体各部位用日语怎么表达

头(あたま)

手(て)

足(あし)

髪(かみ)

额(ひたい)

目(め)

鼻(はな)

耳(みみ)

口(くち)

唇(くちびる)

颚(あご)

首(くび)ps:这个是脖子的意思

腰(こし)

股(もも)

猴孑的身体各各部位英语单词

脑袋Head圆又圆

鼻子Nose站中间

Eye, 眼睛黑又亮

Ear, 耳朵长两边

Mouth, 嘴巴会说话

Face, 小脸白又白

Hand, 小手拍一拍

Arm, 胳膊真结实

Finger, 手指会数数

Foot, 小脚跳一跳

Leg, 小腿踢踢腿

Body, 身体摇一摇

身体部位英语单词顺口溜2:

小朋友,起得早,大家快来做做操,

张开mouth深呼吸,揉揉nose 吸吸气,

洗洗face提提神,脖子neck扭一扭,

手臂arms伸一伸,小手hands拍一拍,

腿儿legs踢一踢,膝盖knees蹲一蹲,

小脚feet跳一跳,天天锻炼身体好,

眼睛eyes大又亮,耳朵ears听得清,

脑袋head更聪明,做个新世纪小主人。

人体器官韩语,身体各部位的韩语怎么说

머리 头,

목 脖子,

근육 肌肉,

배꼽 肚脐,

배 肚子,

복부 腹部,

허벅지 大腿,

정강이 小腿,

발목 脚踝,

가슴 胸,

흉부 胸部,

젖꼭지 ,

팔 胳膊,

허리 腰,

다리 腿,

발 脚 (복부腹部 흉부胸部,都是汉字词,专业词汇常用,如복부운동 腹部运动,흉부Xray 胸透)

목덜미 后勃颈,

주먹 拳头,

손목 手腕,

등 背,

아킬레스건 跟腱,

뒤꿈치 脚跟,

어깨 肩,

팔뚝 小臂,

팔꿈치 肘,

겨드랑이 腋窝,

엉덩이 ,

둔부 臀部,

종아리 小腿

人体各部位用日语怎么表达

髪の毛かみのけ头发 

眉毛 まゆげ 眉毛

まつ毛まつげ 睫毛

耳みみ 耳朵

鼻はな 鼻子

ほくろほくろ 痣

唇くちびる 嘴唇

下颚 したあご 下巴

额ひたい 额头

こめかみ 太阳穴

目め 眼睛

頬ほお 脸颊

口くち 嘴巴

颚あご 下颚

英语里人体各部位单词汇总?

head 头

throat 喉咙, 咽喉

armpit hair 腋毛

nipple

chest 胸部

pit 胸口

navel 肚脐

abdomen 腹部

private parts

thigh 大腿

neck 脖子

shoulder 肩

back 背

waist 腰

hip 臀部

buttock

skull 颅骨, 头盖骨

collarbone 锁骨

rib 肋骨

backbone 脊骨, 脊柱

shoulder joint 肩关节

shoulder blade 肩胛骨

breastbone 胸骨

elbow joint 肘关节

pelvis 骨盆

kneecap 膝盖骨

bone 骨

skeleton 骨骼

sinew 腱

muscle 肌肉

joint 关节

blood vessel 血管

vein 静脉

artery 动脉

capillary 毛细血管

nerve 神经

spinal marrow 脊髓

brain 脑

respiration 呼吸

windpipe 气管

lung 肺

heart 心脏

diaphragm 隔膜

internal ans 内脏

gullet 食管

stomach 胃

liver 肝脏

gall bladder 胆囊

pancreas 胰腺

spleen 脾

duodenum 12指肠

all intestine 小肠

large intestine 大肠

blind gut 盲肠

vermiform appendix 阑尾

rectum 直肠

anus

kidney 肾脏

bladder 膀胱

penis

testicles 睾丸

scroticles 阴囊

urine 尿道

ovary 卵巢

womb 子宫

vagina

hair 头发

forehead 额

temple 太阳穴

eyebrow 眉毛

eye 眼睛

ear 耳朵

cheek 面颊

nose 鼻子

lip 嘴唇

mouth 口

chin 下巴

bald head 秃头

wrinkles 皱纹

crow's-feet 鱼尾纹

mole 痣

Adam's apple 喉

freckles 雀斑

dimple 酒涡

pimple 粉刺

tooth 牙齿

uvual 小舌

tonsil 扁桃腺

tongue 舌

decayed tooth 龋齿

gum 牙龈

palate 上牙膛

incisors 切齿, 门齿

canine tooth 大齿

premolars 前齿

molars 后牙

denlture 假齿

mustache 小胡子

beard 山羊胡

whiskers 络腮胡

sidebums 鬓角

dark eye 黑眼睛

brow eye 茶色眼睛

blue eye 蓝眼睛

hazel eye 淡褐色眼睛

almond eye 杏仁眼

double eye 双眼皮

upturned nose 朝天鼻

aquiline nose 鹰钩鼻

snub nose 狮子鼻

bulbous nose 球状鼻

Grecian nose 悬胆鼻

Roman nose 鹰鼻

kinky hair 卷缩发

wavy hair 波浪发

straight hair 直发

blond hair 金发

thumb 大拇指

forefinger 食指

middle finger 中指

third finger 无名指

little finger 小指

palm 手掌

ball 拇指腕掌

nail 指甲

half moon 甲晕

fist 拳头

knuckle 指关节

back 手背

wrist 手腕

elbow 肘

armpit 腋下

thigh 大腿

knee 膝盖

shank 小腿

calf 小腿肚

foot 脚

instep 脚背

toes 脚趾

ankle 踝

Achilles's tendon 跟腱

heel 脚后跟

sole 脚底

arch 脚掌心

用英语写人体部位作文加翻译

Her eyebrows snorkel, eyebrows like a pair of beautiful Moon

The nose is big and long, like a ship of the Tuo

This clear and bright of eye, as if the o Wang water

Extremely thin lips, those clever and thoroughly Lingqi

她的眉毛浅浅的,像一双美丽的月亮。

鼻子大而长,就像一艘船的托。

这清澈明亮的眼睛,就像两汪水。

非常薄的嘴唇,那些聪明的、很棒的灵气。

身体各部位英文名称

选了外部的 呵呵!

head 头

throat 喉咙, 咽喉

armpit hair 腋毛

nipple

chest 胸部

pit 胸口

navel 肚脐

abdomen 腹部

private parts

thigh 大腿

neck 脖子

shoulder 肩

back 背

waist 腰

hip 臀部

buttock

skull 颅骨, 头盖骨

collarbone 锁骨

rib 肋骨

backbone 脊骨, 脊柱

shoulder joint 肩关节

shoulder blade 肩胛骨

breastbone 胸骨

elbow joint 肘关节

pelvis 骨盆

kneecap 膝盖骨

bone 骨

skeleton 骨骼

sinew 腱

muscle 肌肉

joint 关节

hair 头发

forehead 额

temple 太阳穴

eyebrow 眉毛

eye 眼睛

ear 耳朵

cheek 面颊

nose 鼻子

lip 嘴唇

mouth 口

chin 下巴

bald head 秃头

wrinkles 皱纹

crow's-feet 鱼尾纹

mole 痣

Adam's apple 喉

freckles 雀斑

dimple 酒涡

pimple 粉刺

tooth 牙齿

uvual 小舌

tonsil 扁桃腺

tongue 舌

decayed tooth 龋齿

gum 牙龈

palate 上牙膛

incisors 切齿, 门齿

canine tooth 大齿

premolars 前齿

molars 后牙

denlture 假齿

mustache 小胡子

beard 山羊胡

whiskers 络腮胡

sidebums 鬓角

dark eye 黑眼睛

brow eye 茶色眼睛

blue eye 蓝眼睛

hazel eye 淡褐色眼睛

almond eye 杏仁眼

double eye 双眼皮

upturned nose 朝天鼻

aquiline nose 鹰钩鼻

snub nose 狮子鼻

bulbous nose 球状鼻

Grecian nose 悬胆鼻

Roman nose 鹰鼻

kinky hair 卷缩发

wavy hair 波浪发

straight hair 直发

blond hair 金发

thumb 大拇指

forefinger 食指

middle finger 中指

third finger 无名指

little finger 小指

palm 手掌

ball 拇指腕掌

nail 指甲

half moon 甲晕

fist 拳头

knuckle 指关节

back 手背

wrist 手腕

elbow 肘

armpit 腋下

take 拿在手上

have 拿着

hold 握住

grasp 抓住, 紧握

throw 投掷

carry 搬运

put 摆放

push 推

pull 拉

make 制作

break 打破

catch 抓住

point 指着

scratch 搔

pinch 捻

flip 弹

snap 响指

raise one's hand 举手

wave one's hand 摇手

stretch one's hand 伸手

shake hands with a person 与人握手

clap one's hands 拍手

fold one's arms 交叉双臂

thigh 大腿

knee 膝盖

shank 小腿

calf 小腿肚

foot 脚

instep 脚背

toes 脚趾

ankle 踝

Achilles's tendon 跟腱

heel 脚后跟

sole 脚底

arch 脚掌心

toddel 蹒跚行走

stagger 摇摇晃晃

trudge 步履艰难

walk on tiptoe 蹑足而行

jog 慢跑

dash 猛冲

race 赛跑

parade ==

jump 跳跃

hop 单脚跳

skip 蹦跳

trip 绊倒

slip 滑跤

fall 跌倒

limp 跛行

crawl 爬行

kneel 跪下

sit cross-legged 盘脚坐

stand on one leg 单脚站立

squat 蹲

chase 追

人身体各部位示意图

去新华书店买本人体解剖图或者去医院看人体解剖图都有 。

  之前有人曾经给出过答案,请参考!!!

  头:head

  头顶:the top (或:crown)of the head

  发:hair of the head

  额:forhead

  太阳穴:temple

  面部:face

  颊:cheek

  颧骨:cheekbone

  眼:eye

  眉毛:eyebrow

  睫毛:eyelash

  眼皮:eyelid

  眼球:eyeball

  瞳孔:pupil

  虹膜:iris

  耳:ear

  耳膜鼓:ear drum

  听道:auditory canal

  鼻:nose

  鼻孔:nostril

  鼻腔:nasal cavity

  鼻梁:brdge of the nose

  人中:philtrum

  口:mouth

  唇:lip

  舌:tongue

  牙:tooth(teeth)

  齿冠:crown

  齿龈:gum

  齿根:root;fang

  (牙)珐琅质:enamel

  硬腭:hard palate

  软腭:soft palate

  小舌:uvula

  扁桃体:tonsil

  声带:vocal cords

  咽头:pharynx

  下巴:chin

  颚,颌:jaw

  颚骨:jawbone

  颈;脖子:neck

  吼:throat

  咽喉:larynx

  项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck

  身躯,躯干:trunk

  背:back

  肩:shoulder

  腋窝:armpit

  胸:chest

  乳房:breast;thorax

  乳头:nipple

  腰:waist;loins

  肚脐:navel;belly button

  腹:abdomen;belly

  上腹:the upper abdomen

  下腹;the lower abdomen

  腹股沟:groin

  臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside

  生殖器:genitals;genital organ

  肢:limb

  臂:arm

  上臂:upper arm

  前臂:fore arm

  胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm

  肘:elbow

  腕:wrist

  手:hand

  手背:back of the hand

  手掌:palm of the hand

  手指:finger

  大拇指:thumb

  食指:forefinger;index finger

  中指:middle finger

  无名指:ring finger

  小指:little finger

  指甲:finger nail

  腿:leg

  大腿:thigh

  小腿:lower leg;shank

  膝:knee

  膝关节:knee joint

  膝盖骨:kneecap

  膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee

  腿肚:calf

  踝:ankle

  足:foot(feet)

  脚背:instep

  脚掌:sole of the foot

  后跟:heel

  趾:toe

  趾甲:toenail

  心脏:heart

  肌肉:muscle

  胸肌:pectoral muscle

  腹肌:abdominal muscle

  三角肌:deltoid muscle

  脑:brain

  大脑:cerebrum

  小脑:cerebellum

  Or

  bone 骨

  cartilage 软骨

  bone marrow 骨髓

  vertebra 椎骨

  cervical vertebrae 颈椎

  thoracic vertebrae 胸椎

  lumbar vertebrae 腰椎

  sacrum 骶骨

  coccyx 尾骨

  rib 肋

  costal bone 肋骨

  sternum 胸骨

  sternal angle 胸骨角

  cranium, skull 颅

  orbit 眶

  paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦

  frontal sinus 额窦

  maxillary sinus 上颌窦

  sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦

  ethmoidal sinus 筛窦

  pterion 翼点

  cranial fontanelles 颅囟

  clavicle 锁骨

  humerus 肱骨

  scapula 肩胛骨

  radius 桡骨

  ulna 尺骨

  carpal bones 腕骨

  metacarpal bones 掌骨

  phalanges 指骨/趾骨

  hip bone 髋骨

  ilium 髂骨

  ischium 坐骨

  pubis 耻骨

  acetabulum 髋臼

  femur 股骨

  patella 髌骨

  tibia 胫骨

  fibula 腓骨

  tarsal bones 跗骨

  metatarsal bones 跖骨

  arthrology 关节学

  fibrous joint 纤维连结

  cartilaginous joint 软骨连结

  synosteosis 骨性结合

  joint, articulation 关节

  vertebral column 脊柱

  intervertebral disc 椎间盘

  thoracic cage 胸廓

  temporomandibular joint

  颞下颌关节

  shoulder joint 肩关节

  elbow joint 肘关节

  radiocarpal joint/wrist joint

  桡腕关节

  pubic symphysis 耻骨联合

  pelvis 骨盆

  terminal line 界线

  sarotuberous ligament

  骶结节韧带

  sarospinous ligament骶棘韧带

  greater sciatic foramen

  坐骨大孔

  hip joint 髋关节

  knee joint 膝关节

  ankle joint 踝关节

  transverse tarsal joint

  跗横关节

  meniscus 半月板mycology 肌学

  muscle 肌肉

  tendon 肌腱

  aponeurosis 腱膜

  fascia 筋膜

  trapezius m 斜方肌

  latissimus dorsi m 背阔肌

  erector spinae m 竖脊肌

  sternocleidomastoid m

  胸锁乳突肌

  pectoralis major m 胸大肌

  serratus anterior m 前锯肌

  intercostal m 肋间肌

  diaphragm 膈

  obliquus externus abdominis m

  腹外斜肌

  inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带

  sheath of rectus abdominis

  腹直肌鞘

  linea alba 腹白线

  inguinal canal 腹股沟管

  inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角

  deltoid m 三角肌

  biceps brachii m 肱二头肌

  triceps brachii m 肱三头肌

  gluteus maximus m 臀大肌

  sartorius m 缝匠肌

  quadriceps femoris m股四头肌

  adductor magnus m 大收肌

  triceps surae m 小腿三头肌

  splanchnology 内脏学

  alimentary system 消化系统

  digestive tube/digestive tract

  消化管

  oral cavity 口腔

  palate 腭

  tongue 舌

  cheek 颊

  tooth 牙

  tonsil 扁桃体

  salivary glands 唾液腺

  sublingual gland 舌下腺

  parotid gland 腮腺

  submandibular gland 下颌下腺

  pharynx 咽

  esophagus 食管

  stomach, gaster 胃

  cardia 贲门

  pylorus 幽门

  small intestine 小肠

  duodenum 十二指肠

  jejunum 空肠

  ileum 回肠

  caecum 盲肠

  vermiform appendix 阑尾

  colon 结肠

  sigmoid colon 乙状结肠

  rectum 直肠

  anal canal 肛管

  anus 肛门

  liver, hepar 肝

  porta hepatis 肝门

  gall bladder 胆囊

  pancreas 胰

  respiratory system 呼吸系统

  nose 鼻

  nasal cavity 鼻腔

  larynx 喉

  trachea 气管

  bronchus 支气管

  lung 肺

  pleura 胸膜

  pleural cavity 胸膜腔

  pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝

  costodiaphragmatic recess

  肋膈隐窝

  mediastinum 纵隔

  urinary system 泌尿系统

  kidney 肾

  renal hilum 肾门

  renal pedicle 肾蒂

  ureter 输尿管

  urinary bladder 膀胱

  urethra 尿道

  reproductive system生殖系统

  testis 睾丸

  epididymis 附睾

  ductus deferens 输精管

  ejaculatory duct 射精管

  spermatic cord 精索

  prostate/prostate gland前列腺

  seminal vesicle 精囊

  bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺

  scrotum 阴囊

  penis 阴茎

  ovary 卵巢

  uterine tube 输卵管

  uterus 子宫

  vagina 阴道

  mamma, breast 乳房

  perineum 会阴

  pelvic diaphragm 盆膈

  urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈

  peritoneum 腹膜

  greater omentum 大网膜

  omental burse 网膜囊

  mesentery 肠系膜

  subphrenic space 膈下间隙

  rectovesical ponch

  直肠膀胱陷凹

  rectouterine pouch

  直肠子宫陷凹

  angiology 脉管学

  cardiovascular system

  心血管系统

  lymphatic syatem 淋巴系统

  heart 心

  cardiac atrium 心房

  cardiac ventricle 心室

  tricuspid valve 三尖瓣

  mitral valve 二尖瓣

  conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥

  pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口

  aortic sinus 主动脉窦

  interatrial septum 房间隔

  interventricular septum 室间隔

  sinuatrial node 窦房结

  atrioventricular node 房室结

  atrioventricular bundle房室束

  coronary artery 冠状动脉

  pericardium 心包

  pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干

  arterial ligament 动脉韧带

  common carotid a

  颈总动脉

  carotid glomus 颈动脉小球

  internal carotid a 颈内动脉

  facial a 面动脉

  superficial temporal a

  颞浅动脉

  subclavian a 锁骨下动脉

  axillary a 腋动脉

  brachial a 肱动脉

  ulnar a 尺动脉

  radial a 桡动脉

  superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓

  thoracic aorta 胸主动脉

  abdominal aorta 腹主动脉

  coeliac trunk 腹腔干

  left gastric a 胃左动脉

  common hepatic a 肝总动脉

  splenic a 脾动脉right gastroepiploic a

  胃网膜右动脉

  superior mesenteric a

  肠系膜上动脉

  common iliac a 髂总动脉

  external iliac a 髂外动脉

  femoral a 股动脉

  popliteal a 腘动脉

  posterior tibial a 胫后动脉

  peroneal a 腓动脉

  dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉

  uterine a 子宫动脉

  superior vena cava 上腔静脉

  brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉

  internal jugular v 颈内静脉

  cephalic v 头静脉

  basilic v 贵要静脉

  median cubital v 肘正中静脉

  azygos v 奇静脉

  great saphenous v 大隐静脉

  portal v 门静脉

  paraumbilical v 附脐静脉

  thoracic duct 胸导管

  superficial inguinal lymph nodes

  腹股沟浅淋巴结

  spleen 脾

  thymus 胸腺

  sensory organs 感觉器

  visual organs 视器

  eye 眼

  cornea 角膜

  sclera 巩膜

  iris 虹膜

  pupil 瞳孔

  ciliary body 睫状体

  choroid 脉络膜

  retina 视网膜

  optic disc 视神经盘

  macula lutea 黄斑

  aqueous humor 房水

  lens 晶状体

  vitreous body 玻璃体

  conjunctiva 结膜

  lacrimal apparatus 泪器

  ophthalmic a 眼动脉

  ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜

  tympanic cavity 鼓室

  auditory tube 咽鼓管

  vestibule 前庭

  cochlea 耳蜗

  semicircular canal 半规管

  peripheral nervous system

  周围神经系统

  spinal nerve 脊神经

  spinal ganglia 脊神经节

  cervical plexus 颈丛

  phrenic n 膈神经

  brachial plexus 臂丛

  median n 正中神经

  musculocutaneous n 肌皮神经

  intercostal n 肋间神经

  lumbar plexus 腰丛

  obturator n 闭孔神经

  sacral plexus 骶丛

  sciatic n 坐骨神经

  tibial n 胫神经

  common peroneal n 腓总神经

  cranial n 脑神经

  olfactory n 嗅神经

  optic n 视神经

  oculomotor n 动眼神经

  trochlear n 滑车神经

  trigeminal n 三叉神经

  ophthalmic n 眼神经

  maxillary n 上颌神经

  mandibular n 下颌神经

  abducent n 展神经

  facial n 面神经

  vestibulocochlear n

  前庭蜗神经

  glossopharyngeal n 舌咽神经

  vagus n 迷走神经

  accessory n 副神经

  hypoglossal n 舌下神经

  chorda tympani 鼓索

  autonomic nervous system

  自主神经系统

  sympathetic nerve 交感神经

  parasympathetic nerve

  副交感神经

  central nervous system

  中枢神经系统

  spinal cord 脊髓

  gray matter 灰质

  cortex 皮质

  nucleus 神经核

  white matter 白质

  medulla 髓质

  fasciculus 纤维束

  ganglion 神经节

  reticular formation 网状结构spinal cord 脊髓

  anterior horn 前角

  posterior funiculus 后索

  anterior white commissure

  白质前连合

  fasciculus gracilis 薄束

  fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束

  corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束

  corticonuclear tract 皮质核束

  brain, encephalon 脑

  brain stem 脑干

  medulla oblongata 延髓

  pyramid 锥体

  pyramidal decussation

  锥体交叉

  pons 脑桥

  midbrain, mesencephalon中脑

  red nucleus 红核

  substantia nigra 黑质

  cerebellum 小脑

  diencephalon 间脑

  thalamus 丘脑

  hypothalamus 下丘脑

  optic chiasma 视交叉

  medial geniculate body

  内侧膝状体

  telencephalon 端脑

  lateral ventricle 侧脑室choroid plexus 脉络丛

  internal capsule 内囊

  corpus callosum 胼胝体

  corpus striatum 纹状体

  cerebral cortex 大脑皮质

  hippocampal formation

  海马结构

  limbic system 边缘系统

  extrapyramidal system

  锥体外系

  cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜

  cavernous sinus 海绵窦

  epidural space 硬膜外隙

  subarachnoid space

  蛛网膜下隙

  spinal pia mater 软脊膜

  cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液

  endocrine glands 内分泌腺

  thyroid gland 甲状腺

  parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺

  suprarenal gland 肾上腺

  hypophysis 垂体

  pineal corpus 松果体

总论[Introduction]

•superior[上]

•inferior[下]

•Cranial[头侧]

•Caudal[尾侧]

•anterior[前]

•posterior[后]

•ventral[腹侧]

•dorsal[背侧]

•medial[内侧]

•lateral[外侧]

•internal[内]

•external[外]

•superficial[浅]

•profundal[深]

•proximal[近侧]

•distal[远侧]

•ulnar[尺侧]

•radial[桡侧]

•tibial[胫侧]

•fibular[腓侧]

2、运动系统[locomotor (kinetic) system]

•vertebrae[椎骨]

•cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]

•thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]

•lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]

•sacrum[骶骨]

•sternum[胸骨]

•rib[肋骨]

•thoracic cage[胸廓]

•skull[颅]

•frontal bone[额骨]

•parietal bone[顶骨]

•occipital bone[枕骨]

•temporal bone[颞骨]

•sphenoid bone[蝶骨]

•ethmoid bone[筛骨]

•mandible (submaxilla)[下颌骨]

•maxilla (supermaxilla)[上颌骨]

•nasal bone[鼻骨]

•coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture [冠状(矢状,人字)缝]

•orbit[眶]

•clavicle[锁骨]

•scapula (shoulder blade)[肩胛骨]

•sternum (breast bone)[胸骨]

•manubrium sterni (presternum)[胸骨柄]

•midsternum[胸骨体]

•xiphoid[剑突]

•humerus[肱骨]

•radius[桡骨]

•ulna[尺骨]

•carpal bone[腕骨]

•metacarpal bone [掌骨]

•phalanges[指(趾)骨]

•hip bone[髋骨]

•ilium[髂骨]

•ischium [坐骨]

•pubis[耻骨]

•femur [股骨]

•patella[髌骨]

•tibia[胫骨]

•fibula [腓骨]

•articulation[关节]

•ligament[韧带]

•flexion[屈]

•extension[伸]

•adduction[收]

•abduction[展]

•medial rotation[旋内]

•lateral rotation[旋外]

•pronation[旋前]

•supination[旋后]

•circumductoin[环转]

•vertebral column[脊柱]

•intervertebral disc[椎间盘]

•temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节]

•shoulder joint[肩关节]

•elbow joint[肘关节]

•radiocarpal joint[肩关节]

•radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]

•pelvis[骨盆]

•hip joint[髋关节]

•knee joint[膝关节]

•ankle joint[踝关节]

•muscle [肌肉]

•tendon[肌腱]

•fascia[筋膜]

•tendinous sheath[腱鞘]

•trapezius[斜方肌]

•latissimus dorsi[背阔肌]

•sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]

•scalenus [斜角肌]

•pectoralis major[胸大肌]

•intercostales[肋间肌]

•diaphragm[膈肌]

•inguinal canal[腹股沟管]

•masseter[咬肌]

•temporalis[颞肌]

•deltoid[三角肌]

•biceps brachii[肱二头肌]

•triceps brachii[肱三头肌]

•axillary fossa [腑窝]

•gluteus maximus[臀大肌]

•piriformis[梨状肌]

•sartorius[缝匠肌]

•quadriceps femoris[股四头肌]

•triceps surae[小腿三头肌]

•femoral triangle[股三角]

3、内脏[Viscera]

•viscera[内脏]

•oral cavity[口腔]

•lip[唇]

•cheek[颊]

•palate[腭]

•tooth[牙]

•dentes[牙]

•tongue[舌]

•parotid gland[腮腺]

•pharynx[咽]

•esophagus[食管]

•stomach gaster[胃]

•duodenum[十二指肠]

•jejunum[空肠]

•ileum [回肠]

•large intestine[大肠]

•caecum[盲肠]

•vermiform (appendix)[阑尾]

•colon[结肠]

•rectum[直肠]

•anal canal[肛管]

•dentate line[齿状线]

•anus[肛门]

•liver (hepar)[肝]

•porta hepatis[肝门]

•gallblader[胆囊]

•pancreas[胰]

•nose[鼻]

•nasal cavity[鼻腔]

•paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]

•larynx[喉]

•laryngeal cavity[喉腔]

•vocal cord[声带]

•trachea[气管]

•bronchi[支气管]

•lung [肺]

•pulmonary[肺的]

•pleura[胸膜]

•mediastinum[纵隔]

•kidney[肾]

•renal pilvis[肾盂]

•ureter[输尿管]

•urinary bladder[膀胱]

•urethra[尿道]

•testis[睾丸]

•epididymis[附睾]

•ductus deferens[输精管]

•spermatic cord[精索]

•prostate[前列腺]

•scrotum[阴囊]

•penis[阴茎]

•ovary[卵巢]

•uterine tube[输卵管]

•uterus[子宫]

•vagina[阴道]

•clitoris[阴蒂]

•mamma (breast)[乳房]

•mammary papilla (nipple)[乳头]

•perineum[会阴]

•pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]

•peritoneum[腹膜]

•omentum[网膜]

4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]

•heart[心]

•artery[动脉]

•vein[静脉]

•capillary[毛细血管]

•atrium[心房]

•ventricle[心室]

•tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]

•bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]

•aortic valve[主动脉瓣]

•pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]

•sinuatrial node[窦房结]

•atrioventricular node[房室结]

•atrioventricular bundle[房室束]

•right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]

•coronary artery[冠状动脉]

•coronary sinus[冠状窦]

•pericardium[心包]

•aorta[主动脉]

•innominate artery[无名动脉(头臂干)]

•common carotid artery[颈总动脉]

•carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]

•internal(external) carotid artery[颈内(外)动脉]

•facial artery[面动脉]

•subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉]

•mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]

•common iliac artery[髂总动脉]

•popliteal artery [腘动脉]

•vena cava [腔静脉]

•internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]

•cephalic vein[头静脉]

•basilic vein[贵要静脉]

•saphenous vein[隐静脉]

•lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]

•thoracic duct[胸导管]

•lymph node[淋巴结]

•spleen[脾]

•thymus[胸腺]

5、感觉器[sense organs]

•sensory organ[感觉器]

•receptor[感受器]

•visual organ[视器]

•eyeball [眼球]

•cornea[角膜]

•sclera[巩膜]

•choroid [脉络膜]

•ciliary body[睫状体]

•iris[虹膜]

•retina[视网膜]

•optic disc[视神经盘]

•macula lutea[黄斑]

•aqueous humor[房水]

•lens[晶状体]

•vitreous body[玻璃体]

•eyelid [眼睑]

•conjunctiva[结膜]

•lacrimal gland[泪腺]

•vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]

•ear( auris) [耳]

•auricle[耳廓]

•acoustic meatus[耳道]

•tympanic cavity[鼓室]

•tympanic membrane[鼓膜]

•pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]

•bony(membranous) labyrinth[骨(膜)迷路]

•vestibule [前庭]

•semicircular canal[半规管]

•cochlea[耳蜗]

•cochlear duct[蜗管]

•olfactory organ[嗅器]

•gustatory organ[味器]

•taste bud[味蕾]

•skin[皮肤]

6、神经系统[Nervous system]

•central nervous system[中枢神经系统]

•peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统]

•visceral nerve[内脏神经]

•afferent nerve[传入神经]

•efferent nerve[传出神经]

•neuron[神经元]

•axon [轴突]

•dendrite[树突]

•glia [神经胶质]

•gray matter [灰质]

•white matter[白质]

•cortex[皮质]

•madulla[髓质]

•nucleus[神经质]

•ganglion[神经节]

•fasciculus[神经束]

•nerve[神经]

•spinal nerve[脊神经]

•cervical plexus[颈丛]

•brachial plexus[臂丛]

•lumbar plexus[腰丛]

•sacral plexus [骶丛]

•phrenic nerve[膈神经]

•median nerve[正中神经]

•ulnar nerve[尺神经]

•radial nerve[桡神经]

•femoral nerve[股神经]

•ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经]

•common peroneal nerve[腓总神经]

•cranial nerve[颅(脑)神经]

•olfactory nerve[嗅神经]

•optic nerve[视神经]

•oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]

•trochlear nerve[滑车神经]

•trigeminal verve[三叉神经]

•abducent nerve[展神经]

•facial nerve[面神经]

•vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经]

•glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经]

•vagus nerve[迷走神经]

•accessary nerve[副神经]

•hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经]

•autonomic nervous system[自主神经]

•vegetative nervous system[植物神经]

•sympathetic nerve[交感神经]

•parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]

•spinal cord[脊髓]

•encephalon (brain)[脑]

•brain stem[脑干]

•medulla oblongata[延髓]

•pons [脑桥]

•mesencephalon[中脑]

•midbrain[中脑]

•cerebellum[小脑]

•diencephalon[间脑]

•thalamus[丘脑]

•hypothalamus[下丘脑]

•hypophysis[垂体]

•telencephalon[端脑]

•cerebrum[大脑]

•cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]

•corpus striatum[纹状体]

•internal capsule[内囊]

•spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束]

•medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]

•lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]

•spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]

•trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]

7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]

•naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]

•suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]

•supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝]

•infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝]

•armpit (axillary fossa)[腋窝]

•midsternal (midian) line[胸骨中线(正中线)]

•anterior midian line[前正中线]

•parasternal line[胸骨旁线]

•midclavicular line[锁骨中线]

•mammillary (nipple, milk) line[乳线]

•posterior (mid-, anterior) axillary line[腋后(中,前)线]

•scapular line[肩胛线]

•midspinal line[脊柱中线]

•dorsomedian line[后正中线]

•linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线]

•the left (right) upper abdomen (quadrant)[左(右)上腹]

•epigastrium[上腹部]

•the middle abdomen[中腹部]

•the lower abdomen[下腹部]

•linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]

•anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]

•symphysis pubis (symphysion)[耻骨联合]

•ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]

•groin (inguen)[腹股沟]

•popliteal fossa[腘窝]

•upper extremity(limb)[上肢]

•lower extremity(limb)[下肢]

•posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]

•anterior (dorsal) part of chest(前(后)胸部)

•scapular region[肩胛区]

•anterior (posterior) fontanelle[前(后)囱]

头:head

头顶:the top (或:crown)of the head

发:hair of the head

额:forhead

太阳穴:temple

面部:face

颊:cheek

颧骨:cheekbone

眼:eye

眉毛:eyebrow

睫毛:eyelash

眼皮:eyelid

眼球:eyeball

瞳孔:pupil

虹膜:iris

耳:ear

耳膜鼓:ear drum

听道:auditory canal

鼻:nose

鼻孔:nostril

鼻腔:nasal cavity

鼻梁:brdge of the nose

人中:philtrum

口:mouth

唇:lip

舌:tongue

牙:tooth(teeth)

齿冠:crown

齿龈:gum

齿根:root;fang

(牙)珐琅质:enamel

硬腭:hard palate

软腭:soft palate

小舌:uvula

扁桃体:tonsil

声带:vocal cords

咽头:pharynx

下巴:chin

颚,颌:jaw

颚骨:jawbone

颈;脖子:neck

吼:throat

咽喉:larynx

项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck

身躯,躯干:trunk

背:back

肩:shoulder

腋窝:armpit

胸:chest

乳房:breast;thorax

乳头:nipple

腰:waist;loins

肚脐:navel;belly button

腹:abdomen;belly

上腹:the upper abdomen

下腹;the lower abdomen

腹股沟:groin

臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside

生殖器:genitals;genital organ

肢:limb

臂:arm

上臂:upper arm

前臂:fore arm

胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm

肘:elbow

腕:wrist

手:hand

手背:back of the hand

手掌:palm of the hand

手指:finger

大拇指:thumb

食指:forefinger;index finger

中指:middle finger

无名指:ring finger

小指:little finger

指甲:finger nail

腿:leg

大腿:thigh

小腿:lower leg;shank

膝:knee

膝关节:knee joint

膝盖骨:kneecap

膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee

腿肚:calf

踝:ankle

足:foot(feet)

脚背:instep

脚掌:sole of the foot

后跟:heel

趾:toe

趾甲:toenail

心脏:heart

肌肉:muscle

胸肌:pectoral muscle

腹肌:abdominal muscle

三角肌:deltoid muscle

脑:brain

大脑:cerebrum

小脑:cerebellum

头:head

头顶:the top (或:crown)of the head

发:hair of the head

额:forhead

太阳穴:temple

面部:face

颊:cheek

颧骨:cheekbone

眼:eye

眉毛:eyebrow

睫毛:eyelash

眼皮:eyelid

眼球:eyeball

瞳孔:pupil

虹膜:iris

耳:ear

耳膜鼓:ear drum

听道:auditory canal

鼻:nose

鼻孔:nostril

鼻腔:nasal cavity

鼻梁:brdge of the nose

人中:philtrum

口:mouth

唇:lip

舌:tongue

牙:tooth(teeth)

齿冠:crown

齿龈:gum

齿根:root;fang

(牙)珐琅质:enamel

硬腭:hard palate

软腭:soft palate

小舌:uvula

扁桃体:tonsil

声带:vocal cords

咽头:pharynx

下巴:chin

颚,颌:jaw

颚骨:jawbone

颈;脖子:neck

吼:throat

咽喉:larynx

项;颈背:nape(或:scruff)of the neck

身躯,躯干:trunk

背:back

肩:shoulder

腋窝:armpit

胸:chest

乳房:breast;thorax

乳头:nipple

腰:waist;loins

肚脐:navel;belly button

腹:abdomen;belly

上腹:the upper abdomen

下腹;the lower abdomen

腹股沟:groin

臀部:buttocks;hips;bottom;backside

生殖器:genitals;genital organ

肢:limb

臂:arm

上臂:upper arm

前臂:fore arm

胳膊弯:bend (或:crook)of the arm

肘:elbow

腕:wrist

手:hand

手背:back of the hand

手掌:palm of the hand

手指:finger

大拇指:thumb

食指:forefinger;index finger

中指:middle finger

无名指:ring finger

小指:little finger

指甲:finger nail

腿:leg

大腿:thigh

小腿:lower leg;shank

膝:knee

膝关节:knee joint

膝盖骨:kneecap

膝弯:hollow of the knee;back of the knee

腿肚:calf

踝:ankle

足:foot(feet)

脚背:instep

脚掌:sole of the foot

后跟:heel

趾:toe

趾甲:toenail

心脏:heart

肌肉:muscle

胸肌:pectoral muscle

腹肌:abdominal muscle

三角肌:deltoid muscle

脑:brain

大脑:cerebrum

小脑:cerebellum

Or

bone 骨

cartilage 软骨

bone marrow 骨髓

vertebra 椎骨

cervical vertebrae 颈椎

thoracic vertebrae 胸椎

lumbar vertebrae 腰椎

sacrum 骶骨

coccyx 尾骨

rib 肋

costal bone 肋骨

sternum 胸骨

sternal angle 胸骨角

cranium, skull 颅

orbit 眶

paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦

frontal sinus 额窦

maxillary sinus 上颌窦

sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦

ethmoidal sinus 筛窦

pterion 翼点

cranial fontanelles 颅囟

clavicle 锁骨

humerus 肱骨

scapula 肩胛骨

radius 桡骨

ulna 尺骨

carpal bones 腕骨

metacarpal bones 掌骨

phalanges 指骨/趾骨

hip bone 髋骨

ilium 髂骨

ischium 坐骨

pubis 耻骨

acetabulum 髋臼

femur 股骨

patella 髌骨

tibia 胫骨

fibula 腓骨

tarsal bones 跗骨

metatarsal bones 跖骨

arthrology 关节学

fibrous joint 纤维连结

cartilaginous joint 软骨连结

synosteosis 骨性结合

joint, articulation 关节

vertebral column 脊柱

intervertebral disc 椎间盘

thoracic cage 胸廓

temporomandibular joint

颞下颌关节

shoulder joint 肩关节

elbow joint 肘关节

radiocarpal joint/wrist joint

桡腕关节

pubic symphysis 耻骨联合

pelvis 骨盆

terminal line 界线

sarotuberous ligament

骶结节韧带

sarospinous ligament骶棘韧带

greater sciatic foramen

坐骨大孔

hip joint 髋关节

knee joint 膝关节

ankle joint 踝关节

transverse tarsal joint

跗横关节

meniscus 半月板mycology 肌学

muscle 肌肉

tendon 肌腱

aponeurosis 腱膜

fascia 筋膜

trapezius m 斜方肌

latissimus dorsi m 背阔肌

erector spinae m 竖脊肌

sternocleidomastoid m

胸锁乳突肌

pectoralis major m 胸大肌

serratus anterior m 前锯肌

intercostal m 肋间肌

diaphragm 膈

obliquus externus abdominis m

腹外斜肌

inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带

sheath of rectus abdominis

腹直肌鞘

linea alba 腹白线

inguinal canal 腹股沟管

inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角

deltoid m 三角肌

biceps brachii m 肱二头肌

triceps brachii m 肱三头肌

gluteus maximus m 臀大肌

sartorius m 缝匠肌

quadriceps femoris m股四头肌

adductor magnus m 大收肌

triceps surae m 小腿三头肌

splanchnology 内脏学

alimentary system 消化系统

digestive tube/digestive tract

消化管

oral cavity 口腔

palate 腭

tongue 舌

cheek 颊

tooth 牙

tonsil 扁桃体

salivary glands 唾液腺

sublingual gland 舌下腺

parotid gland 腮腺

submandibular gland 下颌下腺

pharynx 咽

esophagus 食管

stomach, gaster 胃

cardia 贲门

pylorus 幽门

small intestine 小肠

duodenum 十二指肠

jejunum 空肠

ileum 回肠

caecum 盲肠

vermiform appendix 阑尾

colon 结肠

sigmoid colon 乙状结肠

rectum 直肠

anal canal 肛管

anus 肛门

liver, hepar 肝

porta hepatis 肝门

gall bladder 胆囊

pancreas 胰

respiratory system 呼吸系统

nose 鼻

nasal cavity 鼻腔

larynx 喉

trachea 气管

bronchus 支气管

lung 肺

pleura 胸膜

pleural cavity 胸膜腔

pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝

costodiaphragmatic recess

肋膈隐窝

mediastinum 纵隔

urinary system 泌尿系统

kidney 肾

renal hilum 肾门

renal pedicle 肾蒂

ureter 输尿管

urinary bladder 膀胱

urethra 尿道

reproductive system生殖系统

testis 睾丸

epididymis 附睾

ductus deferens 输精管

ejaculatory duct 射精管

spermatic cord 精索

prostate/prostate gland前列腺

seminal vesicle 精囊

bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺

scrotum 阴囊

penis 阴茎

ovary 卵巢

uterine tube 输卵管

uterus 子宫

vagina 阴道

mamma, breast 乳房

perineum 会阴

pelvic diaphragm 盆膈

urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈

peritoneum 腹膜

greater omentum 大网膜

omental burse 网膜囊

mesentery 肠系膜

subphrenic space 膈下间隙

rectovesical ponch

直肠膀胱陷凹

rectouterine pouch

直肠子宫陷凹

angiology 脉管学

cardiovascular system

心血管系统

lymphatic syatem 淋巴系统

heart 心

cardiac atrium 心房

cardiac ventricle 心室

tricuspid valve 三尖瓣

mitral valve 二尖瓣

conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥

pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口

aortic sinus 主动脉窦

interatrial septum 房间隔

interventricular septum 室间隔

sinuatrial node 窦房结

atrioventricular node 房室结

atrioventricular bundle房室束

coronary artery 冠状动脉

pericardium 心包

pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干

arterial ligament 动脉韧带

common carotid a

颈总动脉

carotid glomus 颈动脉小球

internal carotid a 颈内动脉

facial a 面动脉

superficial temporal a

颞浅动脉

subclavian a 锁骨下动脉

axillary a 腋动脉

brachial a 肱动脉

ulnar a 尺动脉

radial a 桡动脉

superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓

thoracic aorta 胸主动脉

abdominal aorta 腹主动脉

coeliac trunk 腹腔干

left gastric a 胃左动脉

common hepatic a 肝总动脉

splenic a 脾动脉right gastroepiploic a

胃网膜右动脉

superior mesenteric a

肠系膜上动脉

common iliac a 髂总动脉

external iliac a 髂外动脉

femoral a 股动脉

popliteal a 腘动脉

posterior tibial a 胫后动脉

peroneal a 腓动脉

dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉

uterine a 子宫动脉

superior vena cava 上腔静脉

brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉

internal jugular v 颈内静脉

cephalic v 头静脉

basilic v 贵要静脉

median cubital v 肘正中静脉

azygos v 奇静脉

great saphenous v 大隐静脉

portal v 门静脉

paraumbilical v 附脐静脉

thoracic duct 胸导管

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

腹股沟浅淋巴结

spleen 脾

thymus 胸腺

sensory organs 感觉器

visual organs 视器

eye 眼

cornea 角膜

sclera 巩膜

iris 虹膜

pupil 瞳孔

ciliary body 睫状体

choroid 脉络膜

retina 视网膜

optic disc 视神经盘

macula lutea 黄斑

aqueous humor 房水

lens 晶状体

vitreous body 玻璃体

conjunctiva 结膜

lacrimal apparatus 泪器

ophthalmic a 眼动脉

ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜

tympanic cavity 鼓室

auditory tube 咽鼓管

vestibule 前庭

cochlea 耳蜗

semicircular canal 半规管

peripheral nervous system

周围神经系统

spinal nerve 脊神经

spinal ganglia 脊神经节

cervical plexus 颈丛

phrenic n 膈神经

brachial plexus 臂丛

median n 正中神经

musculocutaneous n 肌皮神经

intercostal n 肋间神经

lumbar plexus 腰丛

obturator n 闭孔神经

sacral plexus 骶丛

sciatic n 坐骨神经

tibial n 胫神经

common peroneal n 腓总神经

cranial n 脑神经

olfactory n 嗅神经

optic n 视神经

oculomotor n 动眼神经

trochlear n 滑车神经

trigeminal n 三叉神经

ophthalmic n 眼神经

maxillary n 上颌神经

mandibular n 下颌神经

abducent n 展神经

facial n 面神经

vestibulocochlear n

前庭蜗神经

glossopharyngeal n 舌咽神经

vagus n 迷走神经

accessory n 副神经

hypoglossal n 舌下神经

chorda tympani 鼓索

autonomic nervous system

自主神经系统

sympathetic nerve 交感神经

parasympathetic nerve

副交感神经

central nervous system

中枢神经系统

spinal cord 脊髓

gray matter 灰质

cortex 皮质

nucleus 神经核

white matter 白质

medulla 髓质

fasciculus 纤维束

ganglion 神经节

reticular formation 网状结构spinal cord 脊髓

anterior horn 前角

posterior funiculus 后索

anterior white commissure

白质前连合

fasciculus gracilis 薄束

fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束

corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束

corticonuclear tract 皮质核束

brain, encephalon 脑

brain stem 脑干

medulla oblongata 延髓

pyramid 锥体

pyramidal decussation

锥体交叉

pons 脑桥

midbrain, mesencephalon中脑

red nucleus 红核

substantia nigra 黑质

cerebellum 小脑

diencephalon 间脑

thalamus 丘脑

hypothalamus 下丘脑

optic chiasma 视交叉

medial geniculate body

内侧膝状体

telencephalon 端脑

lateral ventricle 侧脑室choroid plexus 脉络丛

internal capsule 内囊

corpus callosum 胼胝体

corpus striatum 纹状体

cerebral cortex 大脑皮质

hippocampal formation

海马结构

limbic system 边缘系统

extrapyramidal system

锥体外系

cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜

cavernous sinus 海绵窦

epidural space 硬膜外隙

subarachnoid space

蛛网膜下隙

spinal pia mater 软脊膜

cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液

endocrine glands 内分泌腺

thyroid gland 甲状腺

parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺

suprarenal gland 肾上腺

hypophysis 垂体

pineal corpus 松果体

1假肥大型

呈性连锁隐性遗传,男性患病,女性携带。在幼儿期发病,表现为走路年龄推迟,行走缓慢、易跌,跌倒后不易爬起。多数伴小腿肌的肥大,初期肥大肌肌力相对较强。臀中肌受累致骨盆左右上下摇动;跟腱挛缩而足跟不能着地;腰大肌受累致腹部前凸,脑后仰,呈鸭型步态。从蹲位只能靠两手撑着自己身体而逐步站直大腿,逐步挺起身子。骨盆带肌肉受累之后,逐步出现肩胛带肌肉萎缩、无力,两臂不能高举。菱形肌、前锯肌、肩胛肌、冈上、冈下肌萎缩使肩胛游离、肩胛骨呈翼状耸起,称翼状肩。病程逐渐发展,部分儿童由于本身生长发育的影响,出现病程的相对稳定或好转。多数患儿在10岁时丧失行走能力,依靠轮椅或坐卧不起,出现脊柱和肢体畸形。晚期,四肢挛缩,完全不能活动。常因伴发肺部感染、褥疮等疾患在20岁之前死亡。智商有不同程度减退。半数以上可伴心脏损害,心电图异常。早期呈现心肌肥大,除心悸外常无症状。

2肩-肱型

呈常染色体显性遗传,男女均可发病,病情轻重不一。轻者可无任何症状,在偶然情况或医师进行家谱分析时发现。幼年或青春期隐匿发病,发病后数年才被发现。面肌受累较早,表现为睡眠时闭眼不紧、吹气无力、苦笑脸容。逐步出现颈肌、肩胛带肌、肱肌的萎缩、无力。肩胛带和肱部肌肉萎缩,两侧肩峰明显隆突。整个肩胛部类似“衣架”。前臂肌肉正常。病程发展缓慢,躯干和骨盆带肌较晚累及。肢体远端肌肉很少萎缩。偶伴腓肠肌肥大。多数病例不影响寿命。

3肢带型

较复杂,非单一疾病,部分呈常染色体隐性遗传。两性均可发病。多数在青少年起病,个别较晚。首发症状为骨盆带肌的无力、萎缩。病情发展缓慢,逐步累及肩胛带,出现两臂上举困难、翼状肩等典型症状。晚期患者也可出现肌肉挛缩、行动不能。无智能障碍。病情严重程度和进展速度差异很大,不影响寿命。

4眼肌型

少见。部分患者是常染色体显性遗传,发病年龄不一。表现为眼睑下垂和进行性眼外肌麻痹。部分患者出现头面部、咽喉部、颈部或其他肢体肌肉无力和萎缩。少数病人可伴随脊髓、小脑和视网膜受损,智能低下和脑脊液蛋白质异常增高。

5远端型

根据发病年龄,自幼年至中年后期不等也可分为数种亚型,为常染色体显性或隐性遗传。表现为进行性远端小肌肉萎缩,逐步向近端发展,进展缓慢,不影响寿命。

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原文地址:https://hunlipic.com/meirong/11138728.html

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